CASE applies the computer to software design and development. It maintains on the computer a library of standard program modules and all of the system documentation. e.g.. data flow diagrams. data dictionaries, and pseudocode structured English). Permits development of executable input and output screens: and generates program code in at least skeletal form. Thus. CASE facilitates the creation. organization, and maintenance of documentation and permits some automation of the coding process. However, information requirements must be determined prior to using CASE.

A derivative is a financial instrument whose value changes with the change in the underlying. It requires little or no investment and is settled in the future. Examples are futures. forward, swap, or option contracts. The underlying is a specified interest rate, security price. foreign currency exchange rate. price index, commodity price, etc.

The disaster plan should embrace data center recovery, critical application recovery, and network recovery. It should be updated and current with regard to recent test results and new applications, equipment, and network configurations. The plan should also ensure that backup facilities are still able to process critical applications and that end-user responsibility is established. Another essential component of a disaster recovery plan is that backup/restart procedures have been anticipated and provided for in the application systems.

Given that demand is constant and the EOQ is 2,500 units, the average inventory level without regard to safety stock is 1,250 units (2.500 + 2). Adding safety stock results in an average level of 1,750 units (1,250 + 500). Given also that annual holding costs are 25% of average inventory and that unit cost is US $4. total annual holding cost is US $1,750 [(1,750 units x US $4) x 25%].

The ABC system is a method for controlling inventories that divides inventory items into three groups: Group A -- high-monetary value items, which account for a small portion perhaps 10%) of the total inventory usage Group B -- medium-monetary value items, which may account for about 20°10 of the total inventory items
Group C -- low-monetary value items, which account for the remaining 70% of sales or usage The ABC system permits the proper degree of managerial control to be identified and exercised over each group. Group A items are reviewed on a regular basis. Group B items may not have to be revered as often as group A items, but more often than group C items. For group C, extensive use of models and records is not cost effective. It is cheaper to order large quantities infrequently. The ABC method therefore reduces the safety-stock investment because high-value items are frequently monitored and medium-value items are monitored more often than inexpensive items. Frequent review can prevent stockouts and decrease inventory levels, and the cost of such review is minimized if it is limited to high- or mediumvalue items.