Reference:
Babok v3.0 - IIBA guide

Explanation/Reference:
Requirements documentation is not a work product but a formal document that describes the requirements for the solution scope.
Solution scope is a set of capabilities a solution must deliver in order to meet the business need.
C, A, and B are incorrect. These are examples of a work product.

Explanation
Risk assessments are not inputs to the task of assessing proposed solutions. Business analysts will need assumptions and constraints, requirements, and solution options to consider.
Answer D is incorrect. Assumptions and constraints are inputs to the task of assessing the proposed solution.
Answer B is incorrect. Requirements are inputs to the task of assessing the proposed solution.
Answer A is incorrect. Solution options are inputs to the task of assessing the proposed solution.

Explanation
Job shadowing is an elicitation process that is a part of job observation. In this process, the observer is required to keep an eye on those workers whose work routine is down and who are unable to explain their work. The observer has to understand their work process for better assessment of the modifications of the work required.
The following are the approaches for this technique:
Passive/Invisible. In this approach, the observer does not ask questions from the user about his work while the user is working.
Active/Visible. In this approach, the observer does ask questions from the user about his work even when the user is working.
Answer A is incorrect. Identifying stakeholders is one of the first business analysis activities.
Answer C is incorrect. Defining and determining business analysis processes are needed as part of business
analysis planning.
Answer D is incorrect. Planning how requirements will be approached, traced, and prioritized is a precursor to
requirements elicitation.

Explanation/Reference:
Deming's Quality Circle describes the quality management approach of plan, do, check, and act. This isn't a business analysis approach.
C is incorrect. The waterfall approach is a valid answer for business analysis approaches.
D is incorrect. Lean is a valid answer for business analysis approaches.
B is incorrect. Six Sigma is a valid answer for business analysis approaches.