Explanation
From the bottom up: This is when a problem is identified with the current state of a process, function, or system.

Explanation
The measurements are known as key performance indicators. It's an approach for measuring how well the solution has affected the organization.
Answer D is incorrect. The S-curve describes the direction of elements over time, such as time and cost, in a typical business analysis activity or in a project.
Answer B is incorrect. The yield is the output of the effort.
Answer A is incorrect. It is not a business analysis term so this choice is incorrect.

Explanation
The change-driven approach looks to create business value in short iterations. The downside of this approach, however, is that there is more risk and uncertainty in the overall direction. The change-driven approach relies on team interaction to define requirements and gather feedback on the solution.
Answer B is incorrect. The plan-driven approach relies on standardized templates, not the change-driven approach.
Answer A is incorrect. This is not a valid description of the change-driven approach.
Answer D is incorrect. Requirements may evolve through the change-driven approach, but they are still identified early in the business analysis work. The requirements must be identified so that the business analysts know what solution would satisfy the requirements.