Explanation
Requirements definition is a phase of the software development life cycle (SDLC) that involves gathering, analyzing and documenting the functional and non-functional requirements of the software system or application, such as features, performance, security and usability. It is most important to consider privacy by design principles during this phase, as it would help to ensure that privacy is embedded and integrated into the software system or application from the outset, rather than as an afterthought or an add-on. Considering privacy by design principles during requirements definition would also help to avoid costly rework or delays later in the SDLC, as well as to enhance customer trust and satisfaction, and comply with privacy laws and regulations. The other options are not as important as requirements definition in considering privacy by design principles. Application design is a phase of the SDLC that involves creating and specifying the architecture, components, interfaces and data models of the software system or application, based on the requirements defined in the previous phase. Implementation is a phase of the SDLC that involves coding, testing and debugging the software system or application, based on the design specifications created in the previous phase. Testing is a phase of the SDLC that involves verifying and validating that the software system or application meets the requirements and expectations of the users and stakeholders, as well as identifying and fixing any defects or errors1, p. 88-89 References: 1: CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version)

Explanation
Obtaining executive support is the first step in developing an organization-wide strategy to address data privacy risk, as it ensures that the privacy program has the necessary resources, authority, and alignment with the organization's goals and objectives. Without executive support, the privacy program may face challenges in implementing and enforcing privacy policies, procedures, and controls across the organization. References: 2 Domain 1, Task 1

Explanation
The best way to validate that privacy practices align to the published enterprise privacy management program is to conduct an audit. An audit is an independent and objective examination of evidence to provide assurance that privacy practices are effective and compliant with the enterprise privacy management program. An audit can also identify any gaps or weaknesses in the privacy practices and provide recommendations for improvement. An audit can be conducted internally or externally, depending on the scope, objectives, and standards of the audit. References: : CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version), page 83

Explanation
User consent to share personal data is the most important factor when designing APIs that enable mobile device applications to access personal data, as it ensures that the user is informed and agrees to the purpose, scope, and duration of the data sharing. User consent also helps to comply with the data protection principles and regulations, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), that require user consent for certain types of data processing and sharing134. References: 1 Domain 2, Task 7

Explanation
To ensure the protection of personal data, privacy policies should mandate that access to information system applications be authorized by the business application owner, because they are the ones who are responsible for defining the business requirements, functions, and objectives of the applications. The business application owner can also determine the appropriate level of access for different users or groups based on their roles, responsibilities, and needs. The business application owner can also monitor and review the access control policies and procedures to ensure that they are effective and compliant with the privacy regulations and standards.
References:
Access Control Policy and Implementation Guides, CSRC
What is Authorization and Access Control?, ICANN