Issuing authentication tokens is the most reliable method of preventing unauthorized logon, as it provides a strong form of authentication that requires users to present something they have (the token) and something they know (the personal identification number or PIN) to access the system. Authentication tokens are physical devices that generate a one-time password or code that changes periodically and is synchronized with the authentication server. This makes it difficult for attackers to steal or guess the credentials of legitimate users. Reinforcing current security policies, limiting after-hours usage and installing an automatic password generator are not as reliable as issuing authentication tokens, as they do not provide a strong form of authentication and may still be vulnerable to unauthorized logon attempts. References:
* : [Authentication Token Definition]
* : Authentication | ISACA

Following a breach, the maximum amount of time before customers must be notified that their personal information may have been compromised depends on the industry regulations that apply to the organization.
Different industries and jurisdictions may have different legal and regulatory requirements for breach notification, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the European Union, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in the United States, or the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA) in Canada. Industry standards, incident response plans, and information security policies are not as authoritative as industry regulations in determining the breach notification time frame. References: CISA Review Manual (Digital Version), [ISACA Privacy Principles and Program Management Guide]

The most critical finding when reviewing an organization's information security management is no periodic assessments to identify threats and vulnerabilities. Periodic assessments are essential for ensuring that the organization's information security policies, procedures, standards, and controls are aligned with the current and emerging risks and threats that may affect its information assets. Without periodic assessments, the organization may not be aware of its actual security posture, gaps, or weaknesses, and may not be able to take appropriate measures to mitigate or prevent potential security incidents. No dedicated security officer, no official charter for the information security management system, and no employee awareness training and education program are also findings that may indicate some deficiencies in the organization's information security management, but they are not as critical as no periodic assessments to identify threats and vulnerabilities. References: ISACA CISA Review Manual 27th Edition, page 343.