Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
If the auditee disagrees with the impact of a finding, it is important for an IS auditor to elaborate and clarify the risks and exposures, as the auditee may not fully appreciate the magnitude of the exposure. The goal should be to enlighten the auditee or uncover new information of which an IS auditor may not have been aware. Anything that appears to threaten the auditee will lessen effective communications and set up an adversarial relationship. By the same token, an IS auditor should not automatically agree just because the auditee expresses an alternate point of view.

The purpose of sociability testing is to confirm that a new or modified system can operate in its target environment without adversely impacting existing systems. This should cover the platform that will perform primary application processing and interfaces with other systems, as well as changes to the desktop in a client-server or web development. Parallel testing is the process of feeding data into two systems-the modified system and an alternate system-and comparing the results. In this approach, the old and new systems operate concurrently for a period of time and perform the same processing functions. Pilot testing takes place first at one location and is then extended to other locations. The purpose is to see if the new system operates satisfactorily in one place before implementing it at other locations. Interface/integration testing is a hardware or software test that evaluates the connection of two or more components that pass information from one area to another.The objective is to take unit-tested modules and build an integrated structure.

Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
IT governance is intended to specify the combination of decision rights and accountability that is best for the enterprise. It is different for every enterprise. Reducing IT costs may not be the best IT governance outcome for an enterprise. Decentralizing IT resources across the organization is not always desired, although it may be desired in a decentralized environment. Centralizing control of IT is not always desired.
An example of where it might be desired is an enterprise desiring a single point of customer contact.

Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
It's possible to protect messages in transit by means of cryptography. One method of encryption - the one- time pad - has been proven to be unbreakable when correctly used. This method uses a matching pair of key- codes, securely distributed, which are used once-and-only-once to encode and decode a single message. Note that this method is difficult to use securely, and is highly inconvenient as well.