The primary objective of an IS auditor when reviewing the installation of a new server is to ensure that security parameters are set in accordance with the organization's policies. Security parameters are settings or options that control the security level and behavior of the server, such as authentication methods, encryption algorithms, access rights, audit logs, firewall rules, or password policies7. The organization's policies are documents that define the security goals, requirements, standards, and guidelines for the organization's information systems. An IS auditor should verify that security parameters are set in accordance with the organization's policies to ensure that the new server complies with the organization's security expectations and regulations. The other options are less important or incorrect because:
* A. Security parameters should not be set in accordance with the manufacturer's standards alone, as they may not reflect the organization's specific security needs and environment. The manufacturer's standards are general recommendations or best practices for configuring the server's security parameters based on common scenarios and threats. An IS auditor should compare the manufacturer's standards with the organization's policies and identify any gaps or conflicts that need to be resolved.
* B. A detailed business case should have been formally approved prior to the purchase of a new server rather than during its installation. A business case is a document that justifies the need for a new server based on its expected benefits, costs, risks, and alternatives. A business case should be approved by senior management before initiating a project to acquire a new server.
* D. The procurement project should have invited tenders from at least three different suppliers before purchasing a new server rather than during its installation. A tender is a formal offer or proposal to provide a product or service at a specified price and quality. Inviting tenders from multiple suppliers helps to ensure a fair and competitive procurement process that can result in the best value for money and quality for the organization. References: Server Security - ISACA, [Information Security Policy - ISACA], [Server Hardening - ISACA], [Business Case - ISACA], [Tender - ISACA], [Procurement Management - ISACA]

The business process supported by the system is the most important factor for an IS auditor to understand when planning an audit to assess application controls of a cloud-based system. An IS auditor should have a clear understanding of the business objectives, requirements, and risks of the process, as well as the expected outputs and outcomes of the system. This will help the IS auditor to determine the scope, objectives, and criteria of the audit, as well as to identify and evaluate the key application controls that ensure the effectiveness, efficiency, and reliability of the process. The other options are less important factors that may provide additional information or context for the audit, but not its primary focus. References:
* CISA Review Manual (Digital Version), Chapter 5, Section 5.31
* CISA Review Questions, Answers & Explanations Database, Question ID 212

The first step that the organization should take to ensure that only the corporate network is used for downloading business data is to include a statement in its security policy about Internet use. A security policy is a document that defines the rules, expectations, and overall approach that an organization uses to maintain the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of its data1. A security policy should clearly state the acceptable and unacceptable use of Internet resources, such as personal accounts with ISPs, and the consequences of violating the policy. A security policy also helps to guide the implementation of technical controls, such as proxy servers, firewalls, or monitoring tools, that can enforce the policy and prevent or detect unauthorized Internet access.
The other options are not the first step that the organization should take, but rather subsequent or complementary steps that depend on the security policy. Using a proxy server to filter out Internet sites that should not be accessed is a technical control that can help implement the security policy, but it does not address the root cause of why users are using personal accounts with ISPs. Keeping a manual log of Internet access is a monitoring technique that can help audit the compliance with the security policy, but it does not prevent or deter users from using personal accounts with ISPs. Monitoring remote access activities is another monitoring technique that can help detect unauthorized Internet access, but it does not specify what constitutes unauthorized access or how to respond to it.
References:
* ISACA CISA Review Manual 27th Edition (2019), page 247
* What is a Security Policy? Definition, Elements, and Examples - Varonis1

The first thing that should be done when an intrusion into an organization network is detected is to identify nodes that have been compromised. Identifying nodes that have been compromised is a critical step in responding to an intrusion, as it helps determine the scope, impact, and source of the attack, and enables the implementation of appropriate containment and recovery measures. The other options are not the first things that should be done when an intrusion into an organization network is detected, as they may be premature or ineffective without identifying nodes that have been compromised. Blocking all compromised network nodes is a containment measure that can help isolate and prevent the spread of the attack, but it may not be possible or feasible without identifying nodes that have been compromised. Contacting law enforcement is a reporting measure that can help seek external assistance and comply with legal obligations, but it may not be necessary or appropriate without identifying nodes that have been compromised. Notifying senior management is a communication measure that can help inform and escalate the incident, but it may not be urgent or accurate without identifying nodes that have been compromised. References: CISA Review Manual (Digital Version), Chapter 4, Section 4.2.2

A benefits realization process is a systematic way of identifying, defining, planning, tracking and realizing the benefits from a project or program. Benefits are the measurable improvements that result from the delivery of project outputs and outcomes. Benefits realization management (BRM) is the practice of ensuring that benefits are derived from outputs and outcomes.
One of the best practices for BRM is to select metrics for the project before it begins. Metrics are the indicators that measure the performance and value of the project and its benefits. By selecting metrics in advance, the project team can align the project objectives with the expected benefits, establish a baseline for comparison, and monitor and evaluate the progress and results of the project. Metrics also help to communicate the value of the project to stakeholders and justify the investment.
The other options are not as effective as selecting metrics before the project begins. Project budget is an important factor for BRM, but it does not enable the benefits realization process by itself. It only reflects the costs of executing the project and delivering the solution, not the benefits or value that are expected from them. Estimates of business benefits are useful for planning and forecasting, but they are not sufficient for BRM. They need to be validated by actual data and evidence from similar projects or other sources. Metrics are evaluated after the project has been implemented, but this is only one part of the benefits realization process. BRM requires continuous monitoring and evaluation throughout the project life cycle and beyond, to ensure that benefits are sustained and optimized.
References:
* ISACA, CISA Review Manual, 27th Edition, 2019, p. 3261
* PMI, Benefits Realization Management: A Practice Guide, 20192
* APM, What is benefits management and project success?, 20213