The greatest risk associated with an incomplete inventory of deployed software in an organization is the inability to deploy updated security patches. Security patches are updates that fix vulnerabilities or bugs in software that could be exploited by attackers. Without an accurate inventory of software versions and config urations, it is difficult to identify and apply the relevant patches in a timely manner, which exposes the organization to increased security risks. Inability to close unused ports on critical servers, inability to identify unused licenses within the organization, and inability to determine the cost of deployed software are not as critical as security risks. References: ISACA CISA Review Manual 27th Edition, page 308

Periodically reviewing log files is the most effective way to detect intrusion attempts from outside the organization, as they can provide evidence of unauthorized access attempts, source IP addresses, timestamps and other relevant information. Using smart cards with one-time passwords or installing biometrics-based authentication can prevent unauthorized access, but not detect it. Configuring the router as a firewall can block unwanted traffic, but not log it. References: ISACA, CISA Review Manual, 27th Edition, 2018, page
361

The most critical finding that the IS auditor should consider when reviewing processes for importing market price data from external data providers is that the quality of the data is not monitored. This is because market price data is essential for financial transactions, risk management, valuation and reporting, and any errors or inaccuracies in the data can have significant impact on the organization's performance, reputation and compliance. The IS auditor should ensure that the organization has established quality criteria and controls for the imported data, such as validity, completeness, timeliness, consistency and accuracy, and that the data is regularly checked and verified against these criteria. The other findings are also important, but not as critical as data quality. References: CISA Review Manual (Digital Version)1, Chapter 5, Section 5.2.7

An IT strategic plan that best leverages IT in achieving organizational goals will include enterprise architecture (EA) impacts. EA is the practice of analyzing, designing, planning, and implementing enterprise analysis to successfully execute on business strategies1. EA helps organizations structure IT projects and policies to align with business goals, to stay agile and resilient in the face of rapid change, and to stay on top of industry trends and disruptions1. EA also describes an organization's processes, information processes and personnel and other organizational subunits aligned with the organization's core goals and strategies2. By including EA impacts in the IT strategic plan, an organization can ensure that the IT initiatives are consistent with the business vision, objectives, and tactics, and that they support the desired business outcomes3.
A comparison of future needs against current capabilities, a risk-based ranking of projects, and IT budgets linked to the organization's budget are all important elements of an IT strategic plan, but they do not necessarily leverage IT in achieving organizational goals. A comparison of future needs against current capabilities can help identify gaps and opportunities for improvement, but it does not provide a clear direction or roadmap for how to achieve them. A risk-based ranking of projects can help prioritize the most critical and beneficial projects, but it does not ensure that they are aligned with the business strategy or that they deliver value to the stakeholders. IT budgets linked to the organization's budget can help allocate resources and monitor costs, but they do not reflect the impact or contribution of IT to the business performance or growth.
References:
Implement Agile IT Strategic Planning with Enterprise Architecture - The Open Group Blog What is enterprise architecture? A framework for transformation | CIO Strategic Planning and Enterprise Architecture