According to the CISA - Certified Information Systems Auditor Study Guide1, the correct answer to your question is A. Encrypt the disk drive. This is because encryption is a logical security measure that can protect data even if the physical device is stolen or lost. Encryption makes the data unreadable and inaccessible without the proper key or password. The other options are not as effective as encryption in this scenario. Two- factor authentication is a user authentication method that requires two pieces of evidence to verify the user's identity, such as a password and a code sent to a phone. However, this does not prevent unauthorized access to the data if the laptop is already logged in or if the attacker can bypass the authentication. Enhancing physical security is a preventive measure that can reduce the risk of theft, but it does not guarantee that theft will not occur or that the data will be safe if it does. Requiring the use of cable locks is another preventive measure that can deter thieves, but it can also be easily cut or removed by a determined attacker.

The most importantoutcome of an information security program is to improve the organizational awareness of security responsibilities, as this will foster a culture of security and ensure that all stakeholders are aware of their roles and obligations in protecting the information assets of the organization. An information security program should also aimto achieve other outcomes, such as identifying operating system weaknesses, understanding and accepting emerging security technologies, and reducing the cost to mitigate information security risk, but these are not as important as improving the awareness of security responsibilities, which is the foundation of any effective information security program. *References: According to the ISACA IT Audit and Assurance Standards, Guidelines and Tools and Techniques for IS Audit and Assurance Professionals, section 2402 Planning, "The IS audit and assurance professional should identify and assess risk relevant to the area under review." 1 One of the risk factors to consider is "the level of awareness of management and staff regarding IT risk management" 1. According to the ISACAIT Audit and Assurance Guideline G13 Information Security Management, "The objective of an information security management audit
/assurancereview is to provide management with an independent assessment relating to the effectiveness of information security management within the enterprise." The guideline also states that "the audit/assurance professional should evaluate whether there is an appropriate level of awareness throughout the enterprise regarding information security policies, standards, procedures and guidelines." According to a web search result from Microsoft Security, "Information security programs need to: ... Support the execution of decisions." 2 One of the ways to support the execution of decisions is to ensure that everyone in the organization understands their security responsibilities and follows the security policies and procedures.

Asset life cycle management is a technique of asset management where facility managers maximize the usable life of assets throughplanning, purchasing, using, maintaining, and disposing of assets1. The mainaim of assetlife cycle management is to reduce costs and increase productivity by optimizing the performance, reliability, and lifespan of assets2. Asset life cycle management can help prevent the situation of having unused applications by ensuring that the applications are aligned with the business needs, objectives, and strategies, and that they are regularly reviewed, updated, or retired as necessary3.
The other options are not as effective as asset life cycle management for preventing unused applications. A formal request for proposal (RFP) process is a method of soliciting bids from potential vendors or suppliers for a project or service. A RFP process can help select the best application for a specific requirement, but it does not ensure that the application will be used or maintained throughout its lifecycle. Business case development procedures are a set of steps that involve defining the problem, analyzing the alternatives, and proposing a solution for a project or initiative. Business case development procedures can help justify the need and value of an application, but they do not guarantee that the application will be utilized or supported after its implementation. An information asset acquisition policy is a document that outlines the rules and standards for acquiring information assets such as applications. An information asset acquisition policy can help ensure that the applications are acquired in a consistent and compliant manner, but it does not address how the applications will be managed or disposed of after their acquisition.