Explanation
Prior to assessing technical vulnerabilities or levels of security awareness, an information security manager needs to gain an understanding of the current business strategy and direction. A business impact analysis should be performed prior to developing a business continuity plan, but this would not be an appropriate first step in developing an information security strategy because it focuses on availability.

Explanation
The bottom line on calculating the impact of a loss is what its cost will be to the organization. The other choices are all factors that contribute to the overall monetary impact.

SQL injection vulnerability arises when crafted or malformed user inputs are substituted directly in SQL queries, resulting into information leakage. Hardening the database listener does enhance the security of the database; however, it is unrelated to the SQL injection vulnerability. Normalization is related to the effectiveness and efficiency of the database but not to SQL injection vulnerability. SQL injections may also be observed in normalized databases. SQL injection vulnerability exploits the SQL query design, not the operating system.

Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The RPO is determined based on the acceptable data loss in the case of disruption of operations. It indicates the farthest point in time prior to the incident to which it is acceptable to recover the data. RPO effectively quantifies the permissible amount of data loss in the case of interruption. It also dictates the frequency of backups required for a given data set since the smaller the allowable gap in data, the more frequent that backups must occur.