Section: INFORMATION SECURITY PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
Explanation:
The effectiveness of virus detection software depends on virus signatures which are stored in virus definition tables. Software upgrades are related to the periodic updating of the program code, which would not be as critical. Intrusion detection and packet filtering do not focus on virus detection.

It is important to first validate that the patch is authentic. Only then should it be copied onto write-once media, decompiled to check for malicious code or loaded onto an isolated test machine.

Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Changes in the systems infrastructure are most likely to inadvertently introduce new exposures.
Conducting a test after an attempted penetration is not as productive since an organization should not wait until it is attacked to test its defenses. Any exposure identified by an audit should be corrected before it would be appropriate to test. A turnover in administrative staff does not warrant a penetration test, although it may- warrant a review of password change practices and configuration management.

Section: INFORMATION SECURITY GOVERNANCE
Explanation:
The security steering group comprises senior management of key business functions and has the primary objective to align the security strategy with the business direction. Option A is incorrect because all business areas may not be required to be covered by information security; but, if they do, the main purpose of the steering committee would be alignment more so than coverage. While raising awareness is important, this goal would not be carried out by the committee itself. The steering committee may delegate part of the decision making to the information security manager; however, if it retains this authority, it is not the primary' goal.

The most important characteristic of good security policies is that they be aligned with organizational goals. Failure to align policies and goals significantly reduces the value provided by the policies. Stating expectations of IT management omits addressing overall organizational goals and objectives. Stating only one general security mandate is the next best option since policies should be clear; otherwise, policies may be confusing and difficult to understand. Governing the creation of procedures and guidelines is most relevant to information security standards.