Ineffective control implementation can result in increased risk exposure, reduced compliance, and diminished performance for the organization. Therefore, the most relevant information for stakeholders is the impact of ineffective control implementation on the business objectives, processes, and outcomes. The impact on business can include financial losses, reputational damage, operational inefficiencies, customer dissatisfaction, and legal liabilities. The other options are not as relevant as the impact on business, because they do not directly link the control effectiveness to the business value. References = Risk and Information Systems Control Study Manual, Chapter 4, Section 4.3.2, page 128.

The best way to mitigate the risk to IT infrastructure availability is to establish a disaster recovery plan (DRP), because a DRP is a document that defines the procedures and resources needed to restore the IT infrastructure and resume the critical business functions in the event of a disaster or disruption. A DRP helps to minimize the downtime, data loss, and financial impact of a disaster, and ensures the continuity of operations and services. The other options are not the best ways to mitigate the risk to IT infrastructure availability, although they may also be helpful in supporting the DRP. Establishing recovery time objectives (RTOs), maintaining a current list of staff contact details, and maintaining a risk register are examples of planning or monitoring activities that aim to define the requirements, roles, and responsibilities for the disaster recovery process, but they do not address the actual implementation or execution of the DRP.
References = CRISC: Certified in Risk & Information Systems Control Sample Questions

According to the CRISC Review Manual (Digital Version), the organization's culture is the most important factor affecting risk management in an organization, as it influences the risk awareness, risk attitude, risk behavior and risk communication of all stakeholders. The organization's culture is defined as the shared values, beliefs, norms and expectations that guide the actions and interactions of the members of the organization. The organization's culture affects how risk management is perceived, supported, implemented and integrated within the organization. A strong risk culture is one that:
* Aligns with the organization's vision, mission, strategy and objectives
* Promotes a common understanding of risk and its implications for the organization
* Encourages the identification, assessment, response and monitoring of risks at all levels
* Fosters a proactive, collaborative and transparent approach to risk management
* Empowers and rewards the stakeholders for taking ownership and accountability of risks
* Enables continuous learning and improvement of risk management capabilities and maturity References = CRISC Review Manual (Digital Version), Chapter 1: IT Risk Identification, Section 1.3: IT Risk Culture, pp. 23-251

* Social engineering is a technique that involves manipulating or deceiving people into performing actions or divulging information that may compromise the security of an organization or its data12.
* Entry into an organization's secured physical premises is a form of physical access that allows an unauthorized individual to access, steal, or damage the organization's assets, such as equipment, documents, or systems34.
* The best way to prevent future occurrences of social engineering entry into an organization's secured physical premises is to conduct security awareness training, which is an educational program that aims to equip the organization's employees with the knowledge and skills they need to protect the organization's data and sensitive information from cyber threats, such as hacking, phishing, or other breaches56.
* Security awareness training is the best way because it helps the employees to recognize and resist the common and emerging social engineering techniques, such as tailgating, impersonation, or pretexting, that may be used by the attackers to gain physical access to the organization's premises56.
* Security awareness training is also the best way because it fosters a culture of security and responsibility among the employees, and encourages them to follow the best practices and policies for physical security, such as locking the doors, verifying the identity of visitors, or reporting any suspicious activities or incidents56.
* The other options are not the best way, but rather possible measures or controls that may supplement or enhance the security awareness training. For example:
* Employing security guards is a measure that involves hiring or contracting professional personnel who are trained and authorized to monitor, patrol, and protect the organization's premises from unauthorized access or intrusion78. However, this measure is not the best way because it may not be sufficient or effective to prevent or deter all types of social engineering attacks, especially if the attackers are able to bypass, deceive, or coerce the security guards78.
* Installing security cameras is a control that involves using electronic devices that capture and record the visual images of the organization's premises, and provide evidence or alerts of any unauthorized access or activity . However, this control is not the best way because it is reactive rather than proactive, and may not prevent or stop the social engineering attacks before they cause any harm or damage to the organization .
* Requiring security access badges is a control that involves using physical or electronic cards that identify and authenticate the employees or authorized visitors who are allowed to enter the organization's premises, and restrict or deny the access to anyone else . However, this control is not the best way because it may not be foolproof or reliable to prevent or detect the social engineering attacks, especially if the attackers are able to steal, forge, or clone the security access badges . References =
* 1: What is Social Engineering? | Types & Examples of Social Engineering Attacks1
* 2: Social Engineering: What It Is and How to Prevent It | Digital Guardian2
* 3: What is physical Social Engineering and why is it important? - Integrity3603
* 4: What Is Tailgating (Piggybacking) In Cyber Security? - Wlan Labs4
* 5: What Is Security Awareness Training and Why Is It Important? - Kaspersky5
* 6: Security Awareness Training - Cybersecurity Education Online | Proofpoint US6
* 7: Security Guard - Wikipedia7
* 8: Security Guard Services - Allied Universal8
* : Security Camera - Wikipedia
* : Security Camera Systems - The Home Depot
* : Access Badge - Wikipedia
* : Access Control Systems - HID Global

The most important component of effective security incident response is a documented communications plan.
A communications plan defines the roles and responsibilities, channels and methods, frequency and timing, and content and format of the communications that take place during and after a security incident. A communications plan helps to ensure that the relevant stakeholders are informed and updated about the incident status and outcome, and that the incident response activities are coordinated and consistent. A communications plan also helps to manage the expectations and perceptions of the stakeholders, and to maintain the trust and reputation of the enterprise. Network time protocol synchronization, identification of attack sources, and early detection of breaches are also important components of effective security incident response, but they are not as important as a documented communications plan. References = Risk and Information Systems Control Study Manual, 7th Edition, Chapter 4, Section 4.2.1.2, page 1931
1: ISACA Certified in Risk and Information Systems Control (CRISC) Exam Guide, Answer to Question
660.