The authentication mechanisms and implementations are the responsibility of the cloud provider because they are core components of the application platform and service. Within a SaaS implementation, the cloud customer will provision user access, deploy branding to the application interface (typically), and provide or procure training for its users.

A community cloud is owned and maintained by similar organizations working toward a common goal. In this case, the universities would all have very similar needs and calendar requirements, and they would not be financial competitors of each other. Therefore, this would be an ideal group for working together within a community cloud. A public cloud model would not work in this scenario because it is designed to serve the largest number of customers, would not likely be targeted toward specific requirements for individual customers, and would not be willing to make changes for them. A private cloud could accommodate such needs, but would not meet the criteria for a group working together, and a hybrid cloud spanning multiple cloud providers would not fit the specifics of the question.

Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The concept of affected users measures the percentage of users who would be impacted by a successful exploit. Scoring ranges from 0, which would impact no users, to 10, which would impact all users. None of the other options provided is the correct term.