Discussion: Since computer program code is written by humans and there are proper and improper ways of writing software code it is clear that human errors create the conditions for buffer overflows to exist.
Unfortunately as secure as any operating system is it becomes insecure when people install insecure code that can be host to buffer overflow attacks so it is human error that really causes these vulnerabilities.
Mitigation: The best mitigation against buffer overflow attacks is to:
- Be sure you keep your software updated with any patches released by the vendors.
- Have sensible configurations for your software. (e.g,. lock it down)
- Control access to your sensitive systems with network traffic normalizing systems like a filtering firewall or other devices that drops inappropriate network packets.
- If you don't need the software or service on a system, remove it. If it is useless it can only be a threat.
The following answers are incorrect:
The Windows Operating system: This isn't the intended answer.
Insecure programming languages: This isn't correct. Modern programming languages are capable of being used securely. It's only when humans make mistakes that any programming language becomes a threat.
Insecure Transport Protocols: This is partially correct. If you send logon ID and passwords over the network in clear text, no programming language will protect you from sniffers.
The following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:
2 011 EC-COUNCIL Official Curriculum, Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures, v71,
Module 17, Page 806

"Heat-activated detectors can be configured to sound an alarm either when a
predefined temperature (fixed temperature) is reached or when the temperature increases over a
period of time (rate-of-rise).
Rate-of-rise temperature sensors usually provide a quicker warning than fixed-temperature
sensors because they are more sensitive, but they can also cause more false alarms. Placing a
sensor under the raise floor is also a good choice. However for complete coverage you would also
add sensors on and above suspended ceilings and within air ducts as well. The sensors can either
be spaced uniformly throughout a facility, or implemented in a line type of installation, which is
operated by a heat-sensitive cable.
It is not enough to have temperature monitoring, you should also have smoke detectors installed in
the facility; they must be installed in the right places. Detectors should be installed both on and
above suspended ceilings and below raised floors, because companies run many types of wires in
both places that could start an electrical fire. No one would know about the fire until it broke
through the floor or dropped ceiling if detectors were not placed in these areas.
Smoke Detectors should also be located in enclosures and air ducts, because smoke can gather
in these areas before entering other spaces. It is important that people are alerted about a fire as
quickly as possible so that damage may be reduced, fire suppression activities may start quickly,
and lives may be saved."
NOTE:
The question did not contain any specific details about the specifics of the ventilation system such
as the usage of hot aisles versus cold aisles. So you must work with the details you have and find
out which of the 4 choices is the best according to the question asking for the earliest warning.
The following are incorrect answers:
Rate-of-rise temperature sensor and on the side wall: is wrong as placing a smoke detector on a
side wall is usually not as effective as placing it on or above the suspended ceiling, under raised
floors or in air vents.
Variable heat sensor and above the suspended ceiling: is wrong as there is no such thing as a
variable heat sensor in smoke detection. However, you could place a smoke detector in the
suspended ceiling.
Fixed-temperature sensor and in the air vent: is wrong as a fixed-temperature sensor is not as
sensitive as a rate-of-rise sensor and therefore does not warn you as quickly. An air vent is a good
place to place a sensor because the ventilation system will pick up the smoke and the sensor will
trigger at that point.
Reference(s) used for this Question:
Harris, Shon (2012-10-18). CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, 6th Edition (p. 470) . McGraw-Hill.
Kindle Edition.

RADIUS is a protocol for carrying authentication, authorization, and configuration information between a Network Access Server, which desires to authenticate its links and a shared Authentication Server. RADIUS is a standard published in RFC2138 as mentioned above.

Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) supports multicast and broadcast messages by using a group temporal key that is shared by all the devices in the same wireless network. This key is used to encrypt and decrypt the messages that are sent to multiple recipients at once. TKIP also supports unicast messages by using a pairwise temporal key that is unique for each device and session. TKIP does not support coordination of IEEE 802.11 protocols, as it is a protocol itself that was designed to replace WEP. TKIP is compatible with WEP systems, but it does not support them, as it provides more security features than WEP. TKIP does not support synchronization of multiple devices, as it does not provide any clock or time synchronization mechanism
. References: 1: Temporal Key Integrity Protocol - Wikipedia 2: Wi-Fi Security: Should You Use WPA2-AES, WPA2-TKIP, or Both? - How-To Geek

It is critical that a determination be made of WHAT data is important and should be retained and protected. Without determining the data to be backed up, the potential for error increases. A record or file could be vital and yet not included in a backup routine. Alternatively, temporary or insignificant files could be included in a backup routine unnecessarily.
The following answers were incorrect:
When to make backups Although it is important to consider schedules for backups, this is done after the decisions are made of what should be included in the backup routine.
Where to keep backups The location of storing backup copies of data (Such as tapes, on- line backups, etc) should be made after determining what should be included in the backup routine and the method to store the backup.
How to store backups The backup methodology should be considered after determining what data should be included in the backup routine.