The purpose of a tape backup method is to protect and/or restore lost, corrupted, or deleted information, thereby preserving the data integrity and ensuring availability.
All other choices could suffer from corruption and it might not be possible to restore the data without proper backups being done.
This is a tricky question, if the information is lost, corrupted, or deleted only a good backup could be use to restore the information. Any synchronization mechanism would update the mirror copy and the data could not be recovered.
With backups there could be a large gap where your latest data may not be available. You would have to look at your Recovery Point Objective and see if this is acceptable for your company recovery objectives.
The following are incorrect answers:
Mirroring will preserve integrity and restore points in all cases of drive failure. However, if you have corrupted data on the primary set of drives you may get corrupted data on the secondary set as well.
Remote Journaling provides Continuous or periodic synchronized recording of transaction data at a remote location as a backup strategy. (http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/remote-journaling.html) With journaling there might be a gap of time between the data updates being send in batch at regular interval. So some of the data could be lost.
Database shadowing is synonymous with Mirroring but it only applies to databases, but not
to information and data as a whole.
Reference(s) used for this question:
KRUTZ, Ronald L. & VINES, Russel D., The CISSP Prep Guide: Mastering the Ten
Domains of Computer Security, 2001, John Wiley & Sons, Page 68.

Explanation/Reference:
CHAP is an authentication mechanism for point-to-point protocol connections that encrypt the user's password. It is a protocol that uses a three-way handshake. The server sends the client a challenge, which includes a random value (a nonce) to thwart replay attacks. The client responds with a MD5 hash of the nonce and the password. The authentication is successful if the client's response is the one that the server expected.
The VPN communication protocol standards listed above are PPTP, L2TP and IPSec.
PPTP and L2TP operate at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model and enable only a single point-to- point connection per session.
The following are incorrect answers:
PPTP uses native PPP authentication and encryption services. Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is a VPN protocol that runs over other protocols. PPTP relies on generic routing encapsulation (GRE) to build the tunnel between the endpoints. After the user authenticates, typically with Microsoft Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol version 2 (MSCHAPv2), a Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) session creates a tunnel using GRE.
L2TP is a combination of PPTP and the earlier Layer 2 Forwarding protocol (L2F). Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) is a hybrid of Cisco's Layer 2 Forwarding (L2F) and Microsoft's PPTP. It allows callers over a serial line using PPP to connect over the Internet to a remote network. A dial-up user connects to his ISP's L2TP access concentrator (LAC) with a PPP connection. The LAC encapsulates the PPP packets into L2TP and forwards it to the remote network's layer 2 network server (LNS). At this point, the LNS authenticates the dial-up user. If authentication is successful, the dial-up user will have access to the remote network.
IPSec operates at the network layer (layer 3) and enables multiple simultaneous tunnels. IP Security (IPSec) is a suite of protocols for communicating securely with IP by providing mechanisms for authenticating and encryption. Implementation of IPSec is mandatory in IPv6, and many organizations are using it over IPv4. Further, IPSec can be implemented in two modes, one that is appropriate for end-to-end protection and one that safeguards traffic between networks.
Reference used for this question:
Hernandez CISSP, Steven (2012-12-21). Official (ISC)2 Guide to the CISSP CBK, Third Edition ((ISC)2 Press) (Kindle Locations 7067-7071). Auerbach Publications. Kindle Edition.
and
Hernandez CISSP, Steven (2012-12-21). Official (ISC)2 Guide to the CISSP CBK, Third Edition ((ISC)2 Press) (Kindle Locations 6987-6990). Auerbach Publications. Kindle Edition.

Section: Access Control
Explanation/Reference:
The matrix lists the users, groups and roles down the left side and the resources and functions across the top.
The cells of the matrix can either indicate that access is allowed or indicate the type of access. CBK pp 317 -
318.
AIO3, p. 169 describes it as a table if subjects and objects specifying the access rights a certain subject possesses pertaining to specific objects.
In either case, the matrix is a way of analyzing the access control needed by a population of subjects to a population of objects. This access control can be applied using rules, ACL's, capability tables, etc.
"A capacity table" is incorrect.
This answer is a trap for the unwary -- it sounds a little like "capability table" but is just there to distract you.
"An access control list" is incorrect.
"It [ACL] specifies a list of users [subjects] who are allowed access to each object" CBK, p. 188 Access control lists (ACL) could be used to implement the rules identified by an access control matrix but is different from the matrix itself.
"A capability table" is incorrect.
"Capability tables are used to track, manage and apply controls based on the object and rights, or capabilities of a subject. For example, a table identifies the object, specifies access rights allowed for a subject, and permits access based on the user's posession of a capability (or ticket) for the object." CBK, pp. 191-192. To put it another way, as noted in AIO3 on p. 169, "A capabiltiy table is different from an ACL because the subject is bound to the capability table, whereas the object is bound to the ACL." Again, a capability table could be used to implement the rules identified by an access control matrix but is different from the matrix itself.
References:
CBK pp. 191-192, 317-318
AIO3, p. 169

Explanation/Reference:
HTTPS is used for secure web transactions and is not commonly replaced by SSH.
Users often want to log on to a remote computer. Unfortunately, most early implementations to meet that need were designed for a trusted network. Protocols/programs, such as TELNET, RSH, and rlogin, transmit unencrypted over the network, which allows traffic to be easily intercepted. Secure shell (SSH) was designed as an alternative to the above insecure protocols and allows users to securely access resources on remote computers over an encrypted tunnel. SSH's services include remote log-on, file transfer, and command execution. It also supports port forwarding, which redirects other protocols through an encrypted SSH tunnel. Many users protect less secure traffic of protocols, such as X Windows and VNC (virtual network computing), by forwarding them through a SSH tunnel. The SSH tunnel protects the integrity of communication, preventing session hijacking and other man-in-the-middle attacks. Another advantage of SSH over its predecessors is that it supports strong authentication. There are several alternatives for SSH clients to authenticate to a SSH server, including passwords and digital certificates.
Keep in mind that authenticating with a password is still a significant improvement over the other protocols because the password is transmitted encrypted.
The following were wrong answers:
telnet is an incorrect choice. SSH is commonly used as an more secure alternative to telnet. In fact Telnet should not longer be used today.
rlogin is and incorrect choice. SSH is commonly used as a more secure alternative to rlogin.
RSH is an incorrect choice. SSH is commonly used as a more secure alternative to RSH.
Reference(s) used for this question:
Hernandez CISSP, Steven (2012-12-21). Official (ISC)2 Guide to the CISSP CBK, Third Edition ((ISC)2 Press) (Kindle Locations 7077-7088). Auerbach Publications. Kindle Edition.