Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) is a network architecture concept that uses IT virtualization technologies to virtualize entire classes of network node functions into building blocks that may connect or chain together to create communication services. The NFV framework explains how Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) fit into the whole solution. The NFV Infrastructure (NFVI) is a component of NFV that consists of the infrastructure components --compute, storage, networking-- on a platform to support software.

Juniper Cloud-Native Contrail Networking (CN2) can be integrated with Kubernetes. CN2 is optimized for Kubernetes-orchestrated environments and can be used to connect, isolate, and secure cloud workloads and services seamlessly across private, public, and hybrid clouds.

Docker containers are designed to be ephemeral, meaning they run based on their current configuration. When a Docker container is stopped, it does not automatically save changes made during its runtime. When you execute docker run, it starts a new instance of the container, not an existing version with its changes. If you want to persist changes between runs, you need to commit changes to a new Docker image or use Docker volumes for data persistence.

Containers are lightweight because they don't need the extra load of a hypervisor, but run directly within the host machine's kernel. This means they start up almost instantly and use less RAM.
Images are constructed from layered filesystems and share common files, making disk usage and image downloads much more efficient. Containers are isolated from each other and the host system. They have their own filesystem and networking, and can be constrained to not allow root access outside the container. They run on top of a host operating system.

Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF) is a technology that allows multiple instances of a routing table to coexist within the same router at the same time. Because the routing instances are independent, overlapping IP addresses can be used without conflict. Each VRF has its own routing table.