Explanation

Box 1:
To monitor threats by using sensors, you would use Azure Advanced Threat Protection (ATP).
Azure Advanced Threat Protection (ATP) is a cloud-based security solution that leverages your on-premises Active Directory signals to identify, detect, and investigate advanced threats, compromised identities, and malicious insider actions directed at your organization.
Sensors are software packages you install on your servers to upload information to Azure ATP.
Box 2:
To enforce MFA based on a condition, you would use Azure Active Directory Identity Protection.
Azure AD Identity Protection helps you manage the roll-out of Azure Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) registration by configuring a Conditional Access policy to require MFA registration no matter what modern authentication app you are signing in to.
References:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure-advanced-threat-protection/what-is-atp
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/identity-protection/howto-identity-protection-configure-m

Section: Describe core solutions and management tools on Azure
Explanation:
A PowerShell script is a file that contains PowerShell cmdlets and code. A PowerShell script needs to be run in PowerShell.
In this question, the computer has the Azure PowerShell module installed. Therefore, this solution does meet the goal.
References:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/scripting/components/ise/how-to-write-and-run-scripts-in-the- windows-powershell-ise?view=powershell-6