Reference:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/exchange/collaboration/public-folders/public-folders?view=exchserver-2019

You can block common attachments (attachments commonly used as malware) in EOP but not all attachments as required in this question. Instead, you should create a mail flow rule.
Reference:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/exchange/security-and-compliance/mail-flow-rules/common-attachmentblocking-scenarios

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/exchange/policy-and-compliance/in-place-archiving/in-place-archiving?view=exchserver-2019

Add Fabrikam.com to the 'Domain allow list' in a spam filter policy.

In the Microsoft 365 Defender portal at https://security.microsoft.com, go to Email & Collaboration > Policies & Rules > Threat policies > Anti-spam in the Policies section. To go directly to the Anti-spam policies page, use https://security.microsoft.com/antispam.
On the Anti-spam policies page, click Create policy and then select Inbound from the drop down list.
The policy wizard opens. On the Name your policy page, configure these settings:
- Name: Enter a unique, descriptive name for the policy.
- Description: Enter an optional description for the policy.
When you're finished, click Next.
On the Users, groups, and domains page that appears, identify the internal recipients that the policy applies to (recipient conditions):
- Users: The specified mailboxes, mail users, or mail contacts in your organization.
- Groups: The specified distribution groups, mail-enabled security groups, or Microsoft 365 Groups in your organization.
- Domains: All recipients in the specified accepted domains in your organization.
Click in the appropriate box, start typing a value, and select the value that you want from the results. Repeat this process as many times as necessary. To remove an existing value, click remove * next to the value.
For users or groups, you can use most identifiers (name, display name, alias, email address, account name, etc.), but the corresponding display name is shown in the results. For users, enter an asterisk (*) by itself to see all available values.
Multiple values in the same condition use OR logic (for example, <recipient1> or <recipient2>). Different conditions use AND logic (for example, <recipient1> and <member of group 1>).
- Exclude these users, groups, and domains: To add exceptions for the internal recipients that the policy applies to (recipient exceptions), select this option and configure the exceptions. The settings and behavior are exactly like the conditions.
When you're finished, click Next.
On the Bulk email threshold & spam properties page that appears, configure the following settings:
- Bulk email threshold: Specifies the bulk complaint level (BCL) of a message that triggers the specified action for the Bulk spam filtering verdict that you configure on the next page (greater than the specified value, not greater than or equal to). A higher value indicates the message is less desirable (more likely to resemble spam). The default value is 7. For more information, see Bulk complaint level (BCL) in EOP and What's the difference between junk email and bulk email?.
By default, the PowerShell only setting MarkAsSpamBulkMail is On in anti-spam policies. This setting dramatically affects the results of a Bulk filtering verdict:
- Increase spam score, Mark as spam* and Test mode: Advanced Spam Filter (ASF) settings that are turned off by default.
The Contains specific languages and from these countries settings are not part of ASF.
- Contains specific languages: Click the box and select On or Off from the drop down list. If you turn it on, a box appears. Start typing the name of a language in the box. A filtered list of supported languages will appear. When you find the language that you're looking for, select it. Repeat this step as many times as necessary. To remove an existing value, click remove * next to the value.
- From these countries*: Click the box and select On or Off from the drop down list. If you turn it on, a box appears. Start typing the name of a country in the box. A filtered list of supported countries will appear. When you find the country that you're looking for, select it. Repeat this step as many times as necessary. To remove an existing value, click remove * next to the value.
When you're finished, click Next.
On the Actions page that appears, configure the following settings:
- Message actions: Select or review the action to take on messages based on the following spam filtering verdicts:
- Retain spam in quarantine for this many days: Specifies how long to keep the message in quarantine if you selected Quarantine message as the action for a spam filtering verdict. After the time period expires, the message is deleted, and is not recoverable. A valid value is from 1 to 30 days.
- Add this X-header text: This box is required and available only if you selected Add X-header as the action for a spam filtering verdict. The value you specify is the header field name that's added to the message header. The header field value is always This message appears to be spam.
- Prepend subject line with this text: This box is required and available only if you selected Prepend subject line with text as the action for a spam filtering verdict. Enter the text to add to the beginning of the message's subject line.
- Redirect to this email address: This box is required and available only if you selected the Redirect message to email address as the action for a spam filtering verdict. Enter the email address where you want to deliver the message. You can enter multiple values separated by semicolons (;).
- Enable safety Tips: By default, Safety Tips are enabled, but you can disable them by clearing the checkbox.
- Enable zero-hour auto purge (ZAP): ZAP detects and takes action on messages that have already been delivered to Exchange Online mailboxes.
ZAP is turned on by default. When ZAP is turned on, the following settings are available:
When you're finished, click Next.
On the Allow & block list flyout that appears, you are able to configure message senders by email address or email domain that are allowed to skip spam filtering.
In the Allowed section, you can configure allowed senders and allowed domains. In the Blocked section, you can add blocked senders and blocked domains.
The steps to add entries to any of the lists are the same:
- Click the link for the list that you want to configure:
- In the flyout that appears, do the following steps:
When you're finished, click Add senders or Add domains.
- Back on the main flyout, the senders or domains that you added are listed on the page. To remove an entry from this page, do the following steps:
When you're finished, click Done.
Back on the Allow & block list page, click Next when you're read to continue.
On the Review page that appears, review your settings. You can select Edit in each section to modify the settings within the section. Or you can click Back or select the specific page in the wizard.
When you're finished, click Create.
On the confirmation page that appears, click Done.
Reference:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/office-365-security/configure-your-spam-filter-policies?view=o365-worldwide