Explanation
IV dextrose provides 3.4 kcal/g.

Explanation
A, B - false - dapsone inhibits bacterial synthesis of dihydrofolic acid, via competition with para- aminobenzoate for the active site of dihydropteroate synthetase. Dapsone is both bacteriostatic and weakly bactericidal against M. leprae. Neither of the listed mechanisms are the cause of these effects. C - False - A substance with both anti-leprosy and anti-inflammatory activity, clofazimine is weakly bactericidal against M.
leprae by binding to the guanine bases of bacterial DNA, not DNA polymerase directly. D - False - See below. E - True - Rifampin is bactericidal by inhibiting RNA synthesis by blocking DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

Explanation
Amoxicillin is a penicillin and so should be avoided in patients even with a non-immediate allergy. Acute treatment should be administered with one of the other listed options.

Explanation
Acetaminophen is metabolized by choices A through D.
The major route is glucuronidation catalyzed by UDP- glucuronyl transferase in the liver. Sulfation is the next most common route and is the target mechanism for NAC therapy. Oxidation by cytochrome P-450 results in the formation of N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine, which is responsible for the hepatic necrosis caused by acetaminophen overdose. Direct renal excretion represents approximately 5% of the metabolism of acetaminophen. Plasma metabolism of acetaminophen does not generally occur.

Explanation
This patient shows symptoms of acute sinusitis. The most common etiology of which is viruses. Indications that an infection is viral as opposed to bacterial included a shorter infection tie (less than 10 days) and no purulent discharge (hers is watery). She does not show any evidence of a complication developing and even notes that her symptoms are improving. If her symptoms were attributed to a bacterium, then the most common cause of acute sinusitis is Streptococcus pneumoniae followed by Haemophilus influenza, then Moraxella catarrhalis. Anaerobic species such as Bacteroides fragilis and Staphylococcus aureus are more commonly found in patients with chronic sinusitis (sinusitis lasting longer than 12 weeks). This is important to realize before indiscriminately providing antibiotics for these patients.