Parents must be careful when warming bottles in a microwave oven because the milk can become superheated. When a microwave oven is used, the defrost setting should be chosen, and the temperature of the formula should be checked before giving it to the baby. Refrigerated, partially used bottles should be discarded after 4 hours because the baby might have introduced some pathogens into the formula. Returning the bottle to the refrigerator does not destroy pathogens. Formula concentrate and water are usually mixed in a 1:1 ratio of one part concentrate and one part water. Infants should be offered fresh formula at each feeding. Partially used bottles should not have fresh formula added to them. Pathogens can grow in partially used bottles of formula and be transferred to the new formula.Health Promotion and Maintenance

Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Hyperkalemia occurs in a state of acidosis because potassium moves from injured cells into the bloodstream. Physiological Adaptation

Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Bleeding problems are not characteristic of diabetes. All the other options are appropriate areas of assessment. Safety and Infection Control

The Apgar scoring system was put into place by Virginia Apgar, an anesthesiologist in New York, for the purpose of assessing newborns in the areas of heart rate, respiratory effort, color, muscle tone, and reflex irritability at 1, 5, and sometimes 10 minutes after birth.
Safety and Infection Control

Section: Safe and Effective Care Environment
Explanation:
Handwashing is the single, most important thing that nurses, and other healthcare professionals, can do in order to prevent the spread of infection.
Applying standard precautions, using personal protective equipment, as indicated, and adhering to the principles of asepsis also prevent the spread of infections; however, handwashing is the single most important thing to prevent the spread of infection.