Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
(A) Analgesic medication does not counteract the effects of antibiotics. (B) Analgesic medication may lower blood pressure elevated due to anxiety. (C) Analgesic medication, especially CNS depressants, is not given if there is danger of increasing ICP, because neurological changes may not be apparent. Also, further depression of the CNS is contraindicated. (D) Analgesics do not stimulate the CNS.

Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
(A) Respiratory acidosis is the result of problematic ventilation. Plasma pH decreases, while plasma PCO2 and plasma HCO3 increase. (B) Respiratory alkalosis results from increased respiratory rate and depth.
Plasma pH increases, while plasma PCO2 and plasma HCO3 decrease. (C) Metabolic acidosis occurs when there is strong acid gain in the body. Plasma pH, PCO2, and HCO3 decrease. (D) Increased risk for metabolic alkalosis is due to a loss of hydrogen ions; depletion of potassium, sodium, and chloride when vomiting occurs. Plasma pH and plasma PCO2 increase; plasma HCO3 may decrease and then increase to compensate.

Explanation
(A) Radiating pain in the urethra in both sexes, extending into the labia in females and into the testicle or penis in the male, indicates a stone in the middle or lower segment of the ureter. (B) Urinary frequency and dysuria are caused by a stone in the terminal segment of the ureter withinthe bladder wall. (C) An obstructing stone in the renal pelvis or upper ureter causes severe flank and abdominal pain with nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis, and pallor. (D) Dull and aching pain may indicate early stages of hydronephrosis. Also, a stone in the renal pelvis or upper ureter causes severe flank and abdominal pain.

Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
(A) Evaluation process follows a nursing intervention. (B) Objective information can be measured. (C) Subjective information is provided by a person. (D) Client is reporting a symptom that needs to be assessed.

Explanation
(A) Water is a hypotonic solution and will deplete electrolytes and cause metabolic acidosis when used for nasogastric irrigation. (B) Irrigating with saline does not cause abdominal discomfort. Severe, colicky abdominal pain is a symptom of intestinal obstruction. (C) Irrigating with water will not cause restlessness or insomnia in the postoperative client. Restlessness and insomnia can be emotional complications of surgery.
(D) A nasogastric tube placed in the stomach is used to decompress the bowel. Irrigating with saline ensures a patent, well-functioning tube. Irrigating with saline will not increase peristalsis.