Section: Questions Set A
Explanation:
(A) Diaphanography, also known as transillumination, is a painless, noninvasive imaging technique that involves shining a light source through the breast tissue to visualize the interior. It must be used in conjunction with a mammogram and physical examination. (B) Mammography is a useful tool for screening but is not considered a means of diagnosing breast cancers. (C) Thermography is a pictorial representation of heat patterns on the surface of the breast. Breast cancers appear as a "hot spot" owing to their higher metabolic rate. (D) Biopsy either by needle aspiration or by surgical incision is the primary diagnostic technique for confirming the presence of cancer cells.

(A, B, C) Clinical manifestations of right-sided heart failure are weakness, peripheral edema, jugular venous distention, hepatomegaly, jaundice, and elevated central venous pressure. (D) Clinical manifestations of left-sided heart failure are left ventricular dysfunction, decreased cardiac output, hypotension, and the backward failure as a result of increased left atrium and pulmonary artery pressures, pulmonary edema, and rales.

Explanation
(A) The delivery room personnel are responsible for verifying time of birth. (B) The scrub and circulating nurses count sponges and instruments. (C) This intervention is done in the nursery. (D) Tagging the mother and infant with identical bands is of utmost importance. The mother wears one band, and the newborn wears two. Identical numbers on the three bands provide identification for the newborn and the birth mother. Every time the newborn is brought to the mother after delivery, those bands are checked to be sure that the numbers are identical.

(A) In the past, neutralizing solutions were recommended, but presently there is concern that these solutions extend the depth of burn area. (B) The use of large amounts of water to flush the area is recommended for chemical burns. (C) Calcium chloride is not recommended therapy and would likely worsen the problem. (D) Lanolin is of no benefit in the initial treatment of a chemical injury and may actually extend a thermal injury.

(A) This situation provides specific evidence that the client is able to integrate muscle relaxation technique into his lifestyle to alleviate anxiety. (B) The client may not experience anxiety at the concert, but there is no evidence regarding the technique that he used to alleviate anxiety. (C) The client may state he no longer experiences anxiety, but there is no evidence demonstrating this. He may be denying anxiety to discontinue therapy
prematurely. (D) Does he experience anxiety in the darkroom? He may have taken this job
to force himself to deal with the phobia directly.