Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
(A) This intervention will help to clarify any misunderstandings about the surgery and give the client an opportunity to verbalize concerns about the surgery. (B) Distractors will not alleviate the preoperative anxiety that the client is experiencing. This response actually denies the client's anxiety. (C) This intervention is false assurance and denies that anxiety is a normal response to the threat of surgery. (D) Psychological responses are not directly related to the extent of the surgery, because they are influenced by the client's past experiences.

(A) Books increase cognition, assist with fine motor skills, and augment language development. (B) Music provides auditory stimulation and large-muscle activity. (C) Riding toys provide large-muscle activity. (D) Puppets allow expression of feelings and fears that otherwise could not be directly communicated.

Explanation
(A) Poor nutrition and/or poor physical conditions are factors that predispose to the development of osteomyelitis but do not cause it. (B) An unclean or unhygienic environment may predispose to the development of chronic osteomyelitis, but it does not cause an exacerbation of the previous infection. (C) Sluggish circulation through the medullary cavity during acute osteomyelitis may delay healing, but it does not cause the disease to become chronic. (D) Areas of sequestrum may be surrounded by dense bone, become honeycombed with sinuses, and retain infectious organisms for a long time.

Explanation
(A) A full bladder would impede withdrawal of ascitic fluid. (B) Keeping the client NPO is not necessary. (C) The client may exhibit signs and symptoms of shock and hypertension. (D) No position change is needed after the procedure.

Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
(A) Methergine is given following placental delivery to promote uterine contractions and prevent hemorrhage. Methergine may be administered in this clinical situation, but fundal massage would be the first response. (B) Removal of retained placental fragments is done by the physician and is not the first response. (C) If the fundus rises and is deviated, particularly to theright, the nurse should suspect bladder distention secondary to bladder and urethral trauma associated with birth and decreased bladder tone following delivery. Therefore, women have a diminished sensation to void. (D) A boggy fundus rises and is indicative of blood pooling, predisposing the woman to clot formation. Massage the uterus until firm. Too vigorous massage will result in atonia. Clots may be expelled by a kneading motion of the uterus by the nurse.