Explanation
(A) Oxytocin is prescribed to stimulate uterine contractions. (B)
MgSO4is a central nervous system depressant prescribed to prevent
and control convulsions related to preeclampsia. (C) Ampicillin
is a penicillin derivative with no known teratogenic effects.
This is the safest antibiotic during pregnancy. (D) Tetracycline
stains teeth yellow and is not as safe as ampicillin during pregnancy.

Section: Questions Set A
Explanation:
(A) Mammograms are less effective than breast self-examination for the diagnosis of abnormalities in younger women, who have denser breast tissue. They are more effective for women older than 40. (B) Up to 15% of early-stage breast cancers are detected by physical examination; however, 95% are detected by women doing breast self-examination. (C) Ultrasound is used primarily to determine the location of cysts and to distinguish cysts from solid masses. (D) Monthly breast self-examination has been shown to be the most effective method for early detection of breast cancer. Approximately 95% of lumps are detected by women themselves.

Explanation
(A) Chest tubes are usually not necessary in a pneumonectomy because there is no lung to re-expand on the operative side. (B) The pneumonectomy client should be positioned on the back or operated side because the sutured bronchial stump may open, allowing fluid to drain into the unoperated side and drown the client. (C) The client should not have a pillow under the shoulder and back because of the subscapular incision. (D) Rales are commonly heard over the base of the remaining lung, but an increase could indicate circulatory overload and therefore should be closely monitored.

(A) It is important to discuss with parents the need to treat the child as they would any other children, but they must be truthful and honest with the child about the heart defect. As the child grows older, explanations can go into greater depth. (B) Parents of children with congenital heart defects go through a grieving process over the loss of their "healthy" child. The nurse needs to recognize these feelings and give the parents a role in the child's care when they are ready. (C) Anger and resentment are normal feelings that must be dealt with appropriately. (D) Parents may go through a second grieving process after the repair of the cardiac defect. During this grieving period, they mourn the loss of the "defective" child who now may be essentially "normal."

Explanation
(A) The high Fowler position does increase air exchange, but not to the extent of orthopneic position. (B) The orthopneic position is a sitting position that allows maximum lung expansion. (C) The prone position places pressure on diaphragm and does not promote maximum air exchange. (D) The flat-supine position places pressure on diaphragm by abdominal organs and does not promote maximum air exchange.