A filtered keyword list is a list of words or phrases that trigger an automated response when a subscriber replies with them to an email. For example, if "take me off your list" or "opt out" are added to a filtered keyword list with an unsubscribe action, any subscriber who replies with those phrases will be automatically unsubscribed from future emails. This can help NTO handle manual unsubscribe requests more efficiently and avoid sending unwanted emails to their customers. References: https://help.salesforce.com/articleView?id=sf.
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To import the data, segment the data, and execute the daily sends as soon as the file is generated by the data lake instance, Northern Trail Outfitters should use a triggered automation that contains an import activity, a series of query activities, and a series of sends. A triggered automation can start when a file is dropped in a specified location, such as an FTP folder. An import activity can import the file into a data extension. A series of query activities can segment the data based on the criteria for different campaigns. A series of sends can send the emails to the segmented data extensions. References: https://help.salesforce.com/s/articleView?id=sf.
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A File Drop Automation with a Verification Activity can be used to fulfill the requirement of sending an email to all contacts who have signed up for its newsletter, but have not joined its loyalty program. A File Drop Automation can be used to trigger an automation when a file is uploaded to the Marketing Cloud FTP.
A Verification Activity can be used to check the number of records in the file and stop the automation if the file is empty. References: https://help.salesforce.com/s/articleView?id=sf.
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To use Case data from Service Cloud as part of their current email messaging campaign, Northern Trail Outfitters should use Synchronized Data Extensions on the Case Object with a Boolean filter on the Contact Me field. Synchronized Data Extensions are data extensions that allow marketers to sync data from Sales Cloud or Service Cloud objects into Marketing Cloud using filters and schedules. Using Synchronized Data Extensions on the Case Object with a Boolean filter on the Contact Me field will allow Northern Trail Outfitters to import cases that indicate the customer wants someone to contact them after the case is closed.
References: https://help.salesforce.com/s/articleView?id=sf.mc_co_synchronized_data_sources.htm&type=5

Data views are system-generated tables that store information about subscriber actions, such as sends, opens, clicks, bounces, etc. Data views can be queried using SQL statements in automation studio or query studio to retrieve email metrics for analysis and reporting purposes. Data views store data for up to six months (or longer for some tables), and can be queried as frequently as needed, such as hourly or daily. References:
https://help.salesforce.com/articleView?id=sf.mc_as_data_views.htm&type=5