The correct answer is A.
When custom tabs are deployed through change sets without profile settings or permission sets, the deployed custom tabs are hidden by default for all users. Salesforce Help states that deployed custom tabs are hidden by default unless the change set also includes profiles that set the tab visibility.
Tab visibility is controlled through profile or permission set tab settings such as Default On, Default Off, and Tab Hidden.
Why others are incorrect:
B and C are incorrect because the tabs are not automatically default off or default on for all users.
D is incorrect because the custom tabs are deployed; they are just not visible until access is configured.

The correct answer is C. A Galaxy__c with Star__c report type will be automatically created.
When a master-detail relationship is created between a parent custom object and a child custom object, Salesforce can automatically generate a standard report type for the parent object with the child object, such as Galaxy__c with Star__c, assuming reporting is enabled for the objects. Salesforce documentation confirms that standard report types are created in certain object relationship scenarios, including lookup and master-detail relationships.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A is incorrect because the report type is based on the parent with child, not the child object with the parent merely as a field.
B is incorrect because a custom report type is not required for this basic master-detail reporting scenario.
D is incorrect because the report type is not created as Star__c with lookup fields from Galaxy__c.

The correct answer is B. Queue.
The approval request must go to department members who can approve overnight shipments. In Salesforce approval processes, routing an approval to a queue is appropriate when a group of users can own or act on the approval request and any one of the queue members can handle it. Salesforce approval documentation describes approval processes as automation that specifies each approval step, including who receives the approval request.
A queue is better than a role or hierarchy field when the request needs to be handled by a department group rather than a single manager or a specific user from a hierarchy field.
A . Role is less appropriate because roles are for hierarchy-based access and routing.
C . Hierarchy field is used when routing to a user identified through a manager-style field.
D . Public group is used for sharing and grouping users, but approval queues are the standard routing choice for a group of approvers in this scenario.

The correct answers are B. Assign the page to a combination of apps and profiles, C. Make the page the default homepage for specific apps, and E. Make the page the org default.
When activating Lightning pages, Salesforce supports assigning a page as an org default, assigning it to specific Lightning apps, and assigning it to combinations such as app and profile. Salesforce Trailhead also confirms that Lightning record page activation supports org default, app default, and app/record type/profile assignments.
A is incorrect because Lightning page activation uses profiles, not permission sets, for this assignment model.
D is incorrect because Lightning pages are not activated by role as a standard activation option.

The correct answers are C. Users, D. Public Groups, and E. Roles and Subordinates.
Manual sharing is used when the org-wide default is private and users need to share individual records on a case-by-case basis. Salesforce documentation confirms that manual sharing allows users to share individual records with other users, public groups, and roles.
A public group can include users, roles, and roles with subordinates, which makes it useful when sharing records with departments or groups of people.
A . Permission Set Groups is incorrect because permission set groups grant permissions, not manual record-level sharing.
B . Private Groups is not the standard manual-sharing option tested here.