The Search Optimization Service significantly improves the performance of selective point lookup queries on tables by creating and maintaining a persistent data structure called a search access path, which allows some micro-partitions to be skipped when scanning the table

For query execution, Snowflake uses the Virtual Warehouse. The query processing layer is separated from the disk storage layer in the Snowflake data architecture. You can use the data from the storage layer to run queries in this layer
https://www.projectpro.io/article/snowflake-architecture-what-does-snowflake-do/556#:~:text=Query%20Processing%20Layer%2FCompute%20Layer,run%20queries%20in%20this%20layer.

Explanation
https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/privatelink-azure.html