It contains all the measures in your data, collected into a single field with continuous values - This is the definition for 'Measure Values'.
All others are True w.r.t. Measure Names!
The Measure Names field contains the names of all measures in your data, collected into a single field with discrete values.

Documentation : https://help.tableau.com/current/pro/desktop/en-us/datafields_understanddatawindow_meavalues.htm

You can adjust the size for all charts except the Tree Map. You use dimensions to define the structure of the treemap, and measures to define the size or color of the individual rectangles. Treemaps are a relatively simple data visualization that can provide insight in a visually attractive format.
In a Tree Map, the measure itself defines the size and colour! The greater the sum of Measure for each category, the darker and larger its box.

Follow along:
1) Drag Assortment and Year ID (choose Discrete Month) to Columns shelf, and Sales to the Columns Shelf.
For sales, click on the pill -> choose Quick Table calculation -> Year over Year growth.
The view should now look like:

It is clear that October with -55.3% had the lowest Year on Year growth.

When you connect to a new data source, Tableau assigns each field in the data source as dimension or measure in the Data pane, depending on the type of data the field contains. You use these fields to build views of your data.
Further,

If you answered this question quickly and correctly, you're well prepared for the exam! Most students stumble while creating a Dual axis chart, so go ahead and give yourself a pat on the back!
To create a dual axis chart for the problem mentioned:
1) Drag Product Type to the column shelf, and Sales and Profit to the Row shelf:

2) Now, to focus on 2013, drag Date to the filter shelf and select only 2013:


3) Now, click on the Profit pill in the Rows Shelf, and select dual axis:

4) Now, in the marks shelf, choose Sales, and change the chart type to bar. Similarly, for Profit, change the chart type to Line.

Now the chart looks like this:

Now we change the Profit chart type to line:


5) Finally, we synchronise the axis as follows: Right click on the axis, and choose 'Synchronise axis'

And, our final view and answer is: