According to the USA PATRIOT Act, the four minimum elements required for an anti-money laundering program for a foreign bank with branches in the United States are:
* An ongoing employee training program. This is to ensure that the employees are aware of the anti- money laundering policies and procedures, the legal and regulatory requirements, the red flags and indicators of suspicious activity, and their roles and responsibilities in detecting and reporting money laundering and terrorist financing.
* The designation of a compliance officer. This is to ensure that there is a person responsible for overseeing the implementation and effectiveness of the anti-money laundering program, ensuring compliance with the applicable laws and regulations, and liaising with the regulators and law enforcement agencies.
* An independent audit function to test the program. This is to ensure that the anti-money laundering program is periodically reviewed and evaluated by an independent and qualified auditor, who can assess the adequacy and effectiveness of the program, identify any weaknesses or deficiencies, and recommend corrective actions or improvements.
* The development of internal policies, procedures, and controls. This is to ensure that the foreign bank has a written and documented anti-money laundering program that establishes the standards, guidelines, and processes for preventing, detecting, and reporting money laundering and terrorist financing, and that the program is consistent with the risk profile and business activities of the foreign bank.
The development of a Know Your Customer program is not a minimum element required under the USA PATRIOT Act, although it is a recommended best practice and may be required by other laws or regulations.
:
CAMS Study Guide - 6th Edition, Chapter 5, pages 141-142
CAMS Certification Exam Outline, Domain 2, Task 2.2, Skill 2.2.1
Anti-Money Laundering Initiatives Under the USA Patriot Act, FindLaw, March 2008
[The U.S. PATRIOT Act and AML: What You Need to Know], Dow Jones Risk & Compliance, June 2020

According to the ACAMS Study Guide for the CAMS Certification Exam (6th edition), page 211, dealers in precious metals and stones (DPMS) are vulnerable to money laundering and terrorist financing risks due to the high value, portability, and fungibility of their products. Therefore, DPMS should apply a risk-based approach to their AML/CFT compliance program and monitor their customers and transactions for any red flags or suspicious activities. One of the red flags for DPMS is receiving payments from or sending payments to unknown or unverified third parties, especially if they are located in high-risk jurisdictions that have weak AML/CFT controls, are subject to sanctions, or are known to be sources or destinations of illicit funds. Such payments may indicate that the DPMS is being used as a conduit or a front for money laundering, terrorist financing, tax evasion, or other criminal activities. Therefore, if a precious metals dealer opens a new account with a bank and receives or makes payments that reference unknown companies from high-risk jurisdictions, the bank should refer the account to AML investigations for further review and verification of the source and purpose of the funds, the identity and legitimacy of the third parties, and the nature and rationale of the business relationship.
References:
ACAMS Study Guide for the CAMS Certification Exam (6th edition), page 2111 FATF Guidance on the Risk-Based Approach for Dealers in Precious Metals and Stones2 Risk-Based Approach for Dealers in Precious Metals and Stones (DPMS)3

A fundraising organization is a type of non-profit organization that may be vulnerable to money laundering and terrorist financing risks, as they often operate in high-risk areas, deal with large amounts of cash, and have complex and opaque structures. Therefore, a fundraising organization warrants enhanced due diligence, which is a higher level of customer verification and monitoring that goes beyond the standard customer due diligence measures. Enhanced due diligence may include obtaining additional information on the source of funds, the purpose of the relationship, the beneficiaries, and the governance of the organization.
:
ACAMS Study Guide for the CAMS Certification Examination, 6th Edition, Chapter 2: Compliance Standards for Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Combating the Financing of Terrorism (CFT), Section 2.2:
Customer Due Diligence, p. 33-34
Anti-money laundering - a guide to customer due diligence
Customer due diligence | The Law Society

these are the enhanced customer due diligence measures that the 5th EU Money Laundering Directive requires for high-risk third country nationals. According to the directive, entities must obtain the approval of senior management for establishing or continuing the business relationship, obtain information on the reasons for intended or performed transactions, and obtain information on the source of funds and source of wealth of the customer and of the beneficial owner(s). These measures are intended to increase the transparency and scrutiny of the customers and their transactions, and to prevent the misuse of the financial system for money laundering or terrorist financing purposes.
:
ACAMS Study Guide 6th Edition, Chapter 2, Section 2.3, page 56: "The EU's Fifth Anti-Money Laundering Directive".
ExamTopics, Question 456: "According to the 5th EU Money Laundering Directive, member states require entities to apply enhanced customer due diligence measures with respect to business relationships or transactions involving high-risk third country nationals. Which are included in these requirements? (Choose three.)"

Enhanced due diligence (EDD) is a set of additional measures that must be applied by financial institutions (FIs) in higher-risk situations, such as when dealing with customers or transactions from high-risk third countries, customers who are politically exposed persons (PEPs), or customers who present a higher risk of money laundering or terrorist financing. EDD may include obtaining more information on the customer's identity, source of funds, source of wealth, business relationships, and purpose of the transaction, as well as conducting more frequent and intensive ongoing monitoring of the customer's activities.
However, EDD may be bypassed for certain situations where the risk of money laundering or terrorist financing is low, and where the customer is subject to adequate supervision and regulation in the EU or the US. According to the CAMS Study Guide - 6th Edition1, one such situation is when on-boarding a casino that is part of an international hotel chain, provides less than 50% of overall revenue and that fully complies with group-wide policies and procedures. This is because such a casino is likely to have a low risk profile, as it is not the main source of income for the hotel chain, and it adheres to the same standards and controls as the rest of the group. Therefore, EDD may not be necessary for this situation, and the FI may apply simplified due diligence (SDD) instead.
The other situations listed in the question are not eligible for bypassing EDD, as they involve higher-risk factors, such as dealing with customers or entities from high-risk third countries, customers with complex ownership structures, or customers who are PEPs. These situations require FIs to apply EDD measures to mitigate the risk of money laundering or terrorist financing.
:
CAMS Study Guide - 6th Edition, Chapter 3, Section 3.4, page 84
White Paper on KYC - Enhanced Due-Diligence, page 2
Anti-money laundering - a guide to customer due diligence, page 3
Enhanced Due Diligence for High-risk Customers, page 1