The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is authorized under the UN Charter to imposebinding sanctions measureson member states. These sanctions may target countries, entities, or individuals and can include arms embargoes, travel bans, asset freezes, and restrictions on trade or financial services.
Statement Ais correct:
Circumventing or evading UNSC sanctionsmay constitute a criminal offenseif the jurisdiction has incorporated UN obligations into domestic law. While the UNSC does not directly impose criminal penalties, member states must implement these measures locally, andmany jurisdictions have lawsthat make such violations criminal acts.
Statement Bis incorrect:
The UNSC is empowered toimpose broad restrictions, includingtrade bans beyond arms, such as on luxury goods, fuel, or specific commodities. Therefore, the idea that it cannot prohibit exports beyond arms is inaccurate.
Statement Cis correct:
Member countries of the United Nations are expected to implement and enforce UNSC sanctions, in accordance with their obligations under the UN Charter (specifically Chapter VII). Countries are responsible for transposing these sanctions into their national legal frameworks.
Statement Dis incorrect:
Although member countries are required to enforce sanctions,not all countries automatically consider breaches a criminal offense. Whether a violation is criminal depends on how each country enacts UN sanctions domestically.
Reference: ACAMS CAMS Study Guide - 6th Edition, Chapter:International AML Standards- Section:
United Nations Initiatives and Global Sanctions Framework

Higher-risk customer profilesoften include businesses that:
Regularly handle large volumes of cash
Operate in sectors withhistorical vulnerabilities to money laundering
Are involved invirtual assets or unregulated financial activities
Option C - A local used car sale lot that allows cash payments:
This business type is consideredcash-intensive, and accepting monthly payments in cash raises concerns about the source of funds, potential structuring, or placement of illicit proceeds.
Option D - A Virtual Asset Service Provider (VASP):
VASPs involved inpeer-to-peer crypto transactionspresent elevated AML risks due to theanonymity, speed, and borderless natureof virtual assets. These institutions are often subject toenhanced due diligence requirements.
Option Ais incorrect: A large multinational with documented transactions and transparency typically poseslower inherent risk, though still subject to review.
Option Bmay be reviewed, buton-site ATM replenishment using store cashis not automatically a red flag without other risk indicators.
Reference: ACAMS CAMS Study Guide - 6th Edition, Chapter:Customer Risk Profiling- Section:Higher- Risk Business Types and Entities

在設定制裁篩選的模糊匹配閾值時，至關重要的是要考慮被篩選數據的可靠性和準確性。高品質、經過驗證的數據能夠支援更有效的匹配，並降低誤報率和遺漏真實匹配的風險。

金融行動特別工作小組（FATF）制定並推廣打擊洗錢和恐怖主義融資的國際標準，並評估和監督各國對這些標準的遵守情況，同時提供改進建議。