The inherent level of anti-money laundering risk across the entire organization depends on various factors, such as the nature, size, complexity, and structure of the business, the customers, the products and services, and the countries or jurisdictions involved. Among the four options given, the transaction monitoring program and the customer due diligence program are not factors that determine the inherent risk, but rather measures that mitigate the risk. Therefore, they are not relevant for the compliance officer's purpose. The countries that the bank operates in and the products and services offered by the bank are important factors that affect the inherent risk, as they may expose the bank to different levels of money laundering threats, vulnerabilities, and regulatory requirements. For example, some countries or jurisdictions have high levels of corruption, unstable governments, or are known as money laundering havens1. They could also have inadequate AML/CFT regulatory and judicial frameworks, or be subject to economic sanctions2. Similarly, some products and services may pose higher risks thanothers, such as those that involve cash transactions, cross-border transfers, anonymous or non-face-to-face customers, or complex or innovative features34.
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1: AML risk-rating models | McKinsey
2: Money laundering and terrorist financing risks - Financial Action Task Force (FATF)
4: AML Red Flags - What are the Top 10 Indicators? - ComplyAdvantage
5: Anti Money Laundering Risk Assessment - Financial Crime Academy

According to the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), a country's financial intelligence unit (FIU) plays a key role in safeguarding against money laundering and terrorist financing. One of the main functions of an FIU is to receive, analyze, and disseminate suspicious activity reports (SARs) submitted by financial institutions and other obligated entities. By analyzing SARs, an FIU can identify trends, patterns, and other intelligence related to money laundering and terrorist financing, which can assist in the pursuit of criminal activity. While an FIU may also generate currency transaction reports (CTRs) or other types of financial reports, these functions are not specific to safeguarding against money laundering and terrorist financing.
Similarly, while monitoring monthly public statistics on the economy may be an important aspect of macroeconomic analysis, it is not a specific role of an FIU in safeguarding against money laundering and terrorist financing.

The FATF 40 Recommendations outline global AML/CFT standards, including risk-based compliance and beneficial ownership transparency.
Option B (Correct): FATF requires nations to implement financial sanctions in coordination with the UN Security Council.
Option C (Correct): FATF emphasizes a risk-based approach (RBA) to prevent ML/TF.
Option E (Correct): FATF mandates transparency in beneficial ownership to prevent shell company misuse.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
Option A (Incorrect): FATF does not require institutions to avoid high-risk customers but to apply appropriate risk-based controls.
Option D (Incorrect): Governments do not need identical crime investigation frameworks but should ensure effective cooperation.
Best Practices for FATF Compliance:
Apply risk-based due diligence on high-risk customers.
Enhance beneficial ownership transparency measures.
Implement targeted financial sanctions in coordination with global authorities.
Reference:
FATF Recommendation 1 (Risk-Based Approach to AML)
FATF Recommendation 10 (Beneficial Ownership Transparency)
FATF Recommendation 6 (Sanctions & UN Coordination)

Art and Antiquities: Conduits for Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing Why Fight the Antiquities Trade?
More recently, groups like Daesh (Islamic State [IS]), al-Qaida, the Taliban and their affiliates have been engaged in ****cultural racketeering and terrorism in Iraq, Syria, Yemen, Afghanistan and elsewhere, converting patrimony into cash for weapons and troops****.
https://www.un.org/press/en/2015/sgsm17427.doc.htm
As Terrorists Diversify Fundraising Tactics, Greater Efforts Needed to Shut Down Illicit Channels, Secretary- General Tells Finance Ministers' Meeting Terrorists continue to adapt their tactics and diversify their funding sources. Today, Da'esh runs a multi- million-dollar economy in territories under its control. Da'esh terrorists raise money through the oil trade, extortion, undetected cash couriers, kidnapping for ransom, trafficking of humans and arms and racketeering.
They loot and sell precious cultural property, shamelessly profiting from the destruction of humanity's common heritage.