Which of the following could NOT function as an unconditioned punisher?

A parent reports that her 2-year-old daughter uses a number of stalling techniques to avoid bedtime once she is told to go to bed. What would be a good progress measure for going to bed when told?

Three boys with autism, ages 7-10 years old, served as participants in a study. During baseline, staff used
response blocking when five instances of aggression or head-banging occurred within 10 seconds, until
attempts ceased for 1 minute. During baseline and treatment, each occurrence of aggression and head-
banging was recorded daily and converted to the number of responses per hour. Treatment comprised a
differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI) schedule coupled with response blocking after
every head-banging or aggression. The staff initially applied the treatment to head-banging, while
continuing to take a baseline on aggression.
After noting treatment effects on head-banging, the staff then applied the treatment to aggression.
In this scenario, how was direct replication shown?

Which is the BEST example of stimulus generalization?

To increase the likelihood of beginning a difficult task: