A study of oral contraceptive use found a risk of breast cancer in long-term (> 12 years) higher dose oral contraceptive users odds ratio = 2.33 (95% CI = 0.9-3.2). Which of the following statements most accurately assesses the study's conclusion that there is a modest effect of oral contraceptive use on breast cancer risk in young women?

An article in a clinical pharmacology journal describes a double-blind controlled trial comparing the efficacy of sumatriptan to a placebo injection for intractable migraine which used a 5 point Likert scale to evaluate headaches 2 hours after treatment. Which of the following is the most appropriate statistical test for analyzing the data?

Many clinically important adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are detected after the marketing of a drug, rather than during premarketing clinical trials. Of the following, which is the primary reason for this phenomenon?

A 60-year-old man is admitted to the CCU with an acute anterior wall Ml. Therapy with amiodarone is initiated. The man's concurrent medications include Warfarin, furosemide, and enalapril. Which of the following baseline laboratory land clinical data, in addition to thyroid and liver function tests, should be obtained prior to initiation of amiodarone therapy in this patient?

To correct the development of metabolic acidosis in patients receiving standard TPN solutions, which of the following is the best therapeutic intervention?