* Fund Gating:
* Gating occurs when fund managers temporarily restrict redemptions to protect the remaining investors and ensure liquidity.
* This allows the fund to sell illiquid assets to generate sufficient cash for redemptions.
* Elimination of Other Options:
* A: Tax deferral benefits are irrelevant to gating.
* B: Commission proportions are unrelated to liquidity.
* C: Lock-in periods are predetermined and not linked to gating.
References:
* ICWIM Module 3: Focus on fund structures and liquidity management.

A placing is a method of issuing new shares to specific investors rather than offering them to existing shareholders. For a placing to proceed, existing shareholders' pre-emption rights (the right to buy new shares before others) must be waived, which requires a resolution to be passed.

The Producer Price Index (PPI) measures inflation from the perspective of businesses (producers), reflecting the cost of goods before they reach consumers.
* Why PPI?
* It tracks wholesale prices and raw material costs.
* Helps predict future consumer price inflation (CPI).
* Difference Between PPI & CPI:
* CPI measures inflation from the consumer's perspective (retail prices).
* PPI measures inflation from the producer's perspective (wholesale prices).
# Reference: UK Office for National Statistics (ONS), CFA Institute (Inflation Indicators).

An open-ended fund can create or cancel units based on investor demand.
* Liquidity: Open-ended funds, such as Unit Trusts and OEICs (Open-Ended Investment Companies), continuously issue and redeem shares.
* Pricing: The price is based on the Net Asset Value (NAV).
* Flexibility: The fund manager can adjust the fund size by issuing or cancelling units.
# Reference: FCA Handbook, CISI Wealth & Investment Management (Fund Structures).

A Certificate of Deposit (CD) is a negotiable bearer security issued by banks, representing a fixed-term deposit with a specified interest rate.
* Key Features of CDs:
* Issued by commercial banks.
* Fixed-term investment (e.g., 3 months to 1 year).
* Can be traded in secondary markets, making them a liquid investment.
* Why Not Other Options?
* A (Treasury Bills) # Issued by governments, not banks.
* B (Commercial Paper) # Issued by corporations, not banks.
* C (Bills of Exchange) # Used for trade finance, not fixed-term deposits.
# Reference: Bank of England (Certificates of Deposit), CISI Wealth & Investment Management.