Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Treasury bills (T-bills) have short maturities and are sold at a discount, with the return being the difference between the purchase price and par value at maturity, without coupon interest. Marketable bonds, however, pay coupon interest. The feedback from the document states:
"Because T-bills have such short maturities, they do not pay any coupon interest; instead, they are sold to investors at a discount from par value. When the T-bill matures, you receive par value. The difference between the price paid and the par value represents your return." Reference:Chapter 7 - Types of Investment Products and How They Are TradedLearning Domain:
Understanding Investment Products and Portfolios

According to the Canadian Investment Funds Course, a stock exchange is a centralized and regulated market where securities of listed companies are traded between buyers and sellers. A stock exchange has strict listing requirements that companies must meet in order to be eligible for trading on the exchange. These requirements may include minimum capitalization, number of shareholders, financial reporting, corporate governance, and compliance with securities laws. A stock exchange also provides liquidity, transparency, and efficiency for the trading of securities.
An over-the-counter (OTC) market is a decentralized and unregulated market where securities that are not listed on a stock exchange are traded between dealers and brokers. An OTC market has no physical location, rather the trading is done through phone, email, or computer networks. An OTC market has lower listing requirements than a stock exchange, which makes it easier for smaller or newer companies to access capital.
However, an OTC market also has less liquidity, transparency, and efficiency than a stock exchange.
Therefore, if Underground Airways Ltd. wants to take their privately owned corporation public through an initial public offering (IPO), they would have to weigh the pros and cons of listing on a stock exchange or the OTC market. One of the main considerations is that a stock exchange listing would provide them with greater market exposure and public confidence than listing on the OTC market. This is because a stock exchange listing signals that the company has met the high standards of the exchange and is subject to ongoing regulation and oversight. A stock exchange listing also attracts more investors, analysts, and media attention than an OTC listing. A stock exchange listing may also increase the value and liquidity of the company's shares.
1: Canadian Investment Funds Course - IFSE Institute 2 (Unit 5: Equity Securities)

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Foreign dividend income is taxed at the investor's marginal tax rate without the benefit of a dividend tax credit, unlike Canadian dividend income, which qualifies for a tax credit. The feedback from the document states:
"Foreign dividend income is not eligible for any dividend tax credit, and is taxed at an investor's marginal tax rate." Reference:Chapter 6 - Tax and Retirement PlanningLearning Domain:The Know Your Client Communication Process

A business cycle is a cycle of fluctuations in the aggregate economic activity of a nation around its long-term natural growth rate. It consists of four phases: expansion, peak, contraction, and trough. A period of economic expansion is followed by a period of economic contraction, which is also called a recession. A recession is defined as a significant decline in economic activity spread across the economy, lasting more than a few months, normally visible in real GDP, real income, employment, industrial production, and wholesale-retail sales1. The other statements are not true about the movement of business cycles in the Canadian economy.
The length of each phase and cycle varies depending on various factors, such as fiscal and monetary policies, external shocks, consumer confidence, and technological changes. There is no fixed rule that a period of economic expansion or contraction must last for a certain number of months or quarters. A period of at least 3 consecutive months of contraction is not sufficient to define a recession; it must also be significant and widespread across the economy. References: Business Cycle: What It Is, How to Measure It, the 4 Phases, Business Cycle - Definition, How to Measure and 6 Different Stages, Business Cycle - Definition, Phases, Graphs, Economics Examples

Shirley's risk profile is the primary consideration for Jonathan when making an investment recommendation.
Risk profile is a measure of how much risk an investor is willing and able to take on in their portfolio. It is determined by factors such as age, income, net worth, investment objectives, time horizon, and personal preferences. It is essential for a dealing representative to assess the risk profile of their client before recommending any investment products or strategies, as they have a fiduciary duty to act in the best interest of their client and ensure that their recommendations are suitable for their client's needs and goals. The other variables are also important, but they are secondary to the risk profile. References: [Risk Profile], [Know Your Client (KYC)]