Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
Push-to-Talk (PTT) VoWiFi phones often require multicast packet delivery support within the WLAN infrastructure. PTT communications are typically group-based, where the same voice message needs to be delivered simultaneously to multiple recipients. Multicast transmission is efficient for this purpose, as it allows the AP to send a single data stream to multiple clients, conserving bandwidth and ensuring synchronized delivery. Therefore, WLANs supporting PTT VoWiFi must be configured to handle multicast traffic effectively.
Reference: CWDP-305 Official Study Guide, Chapter on Designing for Specific Applications

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
Voice over WLAN (VoWLAN) applications are sensitive to packet loss, which can degrade call quality. An acceptable packet error rate (PER) for VoWLAN is typically no more than 1%. Maintaining a PER at or below this threshold ensures that voice communications remain clear and intelligible, minimizing the impact of lost packets on the user experience.
Reference: CWDP-305 Official Study Guide, Chapter on Designing for Specific Applications

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
In voice over WLAN (VoWLAN) deployments, seamless roaming is critical to maintain call quality. As users move throughout the office, their devices must transition between access points without dropping the call or experiencing latency. Therefore, ensuring efficient and fast roaming capabilities is paramount in the design of a WLAN intended to support voice applications.

In wireless communications, lower data rates like 1 Mbps in 802.11b use simpler modulation schemes, allowing them to tolerate higher power levels before distortion occurs. Conversely, higher data rates like 54 Mbps in 802.11g use more complex modulation, which is more susceptible to distortion at high power levels.
When both signals are passed through a saturated amplifier, the 1 Mbps 802.11b signal can handle approximately 5 dB more power than the 54 Mbps 802.11g signal without significant distortion. This difference is crucial in designing systems to ensure signal integrity across varying data rates.
Reference: CWDP-305 Official Study and Reference Guide, Chapter on ProtocolandSpectrum Analysis

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
A Wireless Network Management System (WNMS) is designed to monitor, configure, and manage wireless network components. It primarily interacts with theManagement Plane, which is responsible for:
Monitoring network performance.
Configuring network devices.
Managing firmware updates and policies.
This interaction allows administrators to oversee the network's health and make necessary adjustments to maintain optimal performance.
Reference:CWDP-305 Study Guide, Chapter on Infrastructure Design - Network Management Planes.