Explanation
Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts user data and demands a ransom for its decryption.
Ransomware can prevent users from accessing their files and applications, and cause data loss or corruption. A proper backup implementation is essential to recover from a ransomware attack, as it can help restore the encrypted data without paying the ransom or relying on the attackers' decryption key. References:
https://www.comptia.org/blog/what-is-ransomware

Explanation
Traffic shaping is a congestion management method that regulates network data transfer by delaying the flow of less important or less desired packets1. Traffic shaping can help to improve the performance of a videoconferencing application by prioritizing its packets over other types of traffic and smoothing out traffic bursts. Traffic shaping can also help to avoid packet loss and ensure fair allocation of bandwidth among different applications or users.
Flow control is a mechanism that prevents a sender from overwhelming a receiver with more data than it can handle. Flow control can help to avoid buffer overflow and data loss, but it does not prioritize different types of traffic or smooth out traffic bursts. Flow control operates at the data link layer or the transport layer, while traffic shaping operates at the network layer or above.
NetFlow is a protocol that collects and analyzes network traffic data for monitoring and troubleshooting purposes2. NetFlow can help to identify the sources, destinations, volumes, and types of traffic on a network, but it does not regulate or shape the traffic flow. NetFlow operates at the network layer or above.
Link aggregation is a technique that combines multiple physical links into one logical link for increased bandwidth, redundancy, and load balancing. Link aggregation can help to improve the performance of a videoconferencing application by providing more available bandwidth at the WAN connection, but it does not prioritize different types of traffic or smooth out traffic bursts. Link aggregation operates at the data link layer.

The 802.11b standard is a wireless networking protocol that operates in the 2.4GHz frequency band and supports a maximum data rate of 11Mbps. It uses a 20MHz channel width and a direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) modulation technique2. The 802.11b standard was released in 1999 and is backward compatible with the original 802.11 standard3. The other standards do not match the specifications given by the customer. 802.11ac operates in the 5GHz band and supports higher data rates up to 6.9Gbps. 802.11g also operates in the 2.4GHz band but supports data rates up to 54Mbps. 802.11n can operate in both 2.4GHz and 5GHz bands and supports data rates up to 600Mbps. It also uses a wider channel width of 40MHz and a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology3.
Reference 2 - 802.11 Standards Explained: 802.11ax, 802.11ac, 802.11b/g/n, 802.11a - Lifewire 3 - Introduction to WLAN Frequency Bands | Engineering Education (EngEd ...

A CNAME record is a type of DNS record that maps an alias name to a canonical name, or the primary domain name. A CNAME record is used to create subdomains or alternative names for the same website, without having to specify the IP address for each alias. For example, a CNAME record can map www.example.com to example.com, or mail.example.com to example.com. Reference: CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Cert Guide, Chapter 2, Section 2.4

Explanation
If the port is shut down, it means that the switch has disabled the port and is not sending or receiving any traffic on it. This would explain why the network interface's indicator lights are not blinking on either the computer or the switch, and why the user cannot access resources on the network. The port could be shut down manually by the network administrator, or automatically by the switch due to security or error conditions.
References
Port shutdown is one of the common switch configuration options covered in Objective 2.3 of the CompTIA Network+ N10-008 certification exam1.
Port shutdown can cause the network interface's indicator lights to stop blinking2.
Port shutdown can prevent the user from accessing resources on the network3.
1: CompTIA Network+ Certification Exam Objectives, page 5 2: CompTIA Network+ N10-008: Switch not forwarding frames on trunked port3 3: Cable Management - N10-008 CompTIA Network+ : 1.3