Altman's Z-score incorporates all the following variables that are predictive of bankruptcy EXCEPT:

As an example of the balance sheet effect, if rates rise, Delta Bank can expect:

Mega Bank has $100 million in deposits on which it pays 3% interest, and $20 million in equity on which it
pays no interest. The loan portfolio of $120 million earns an average rate of 10%. If the rates remain the same
and Mega Bank is able to earn the same net interest income in perpetuity at a 5% discount rate, what will the
present value of this holding be?

Which one of the following four features is NOT a typical characteristic of futures contracts?

Using the definitions used by JPMorgan Chase in their annual report, which of the following exposure types
would be considered as a non-trading risk exposure?
I. Short term equity investments
II. Loans held to maturity
III. Mortgage servicing rights
IV. Derivatives used to manage asset/liability exposure.