A credit analyst wants to determine a good pricing strategy to compensate for credit decisions that might have
been made incorrectly. When analyzing her credit portfolio, the analyst focuses on the spreads in each loan to
determine if they are sufficient to compensate the bank for all of the following costs and risks EXCEPT.

When trading exotic options, one needs to consider the following risks:
I. Spot foreign exchange risks
II. Forward foreign exchange risks
III. Plain vanilla options risks
IV. Option-specific risks

When considering the advantages of operational risk function owned by the Chief Compliance Officer in a
financial institution, an operational risk manager consultant suggests that this governance approach will have
all of the following advantages except:

Gamma Bank is operating in a highly volatile interest rate environment and wants to stabilize its net income
by shifting the sources of its earnings from interest rate sensitive sources to less interest rate sensitive sources.
All of the following strategies can help achieve this objective EXCEPT:

ThetaBank has extended substantial financing to two mortgage companies, which these mortgage lenders use
to finance their own lending. Individually, each of the mortgage companies have an exposure at default (EAD)
of $20 million, with a loss given default (LGD) of 100%, and a probability of default of 10%. ThetaBank's risk
department predicts the joint probability of default at 5%. If the default risk of these mortgage companies were
modeled as independent risks, the actual probability would be underestimated by: