John is a malicious attacker. He illegally accesses the server of We-are-secure Inc. He then places a backdoor in the We-are-secure server and alters its log files. Which of the following steps of malicious hacking includes altering the server log files?

Which of the following is an Internet mapping technique that relies on various BGP collectors that collect information
such as routing updates and tables and provide this information publicly?

Adam, a malicious hacker has successfully gained unauthorized access to the Linux system of Umbrella Inc. Web server of the company runs on Apache. He has downloaded sensitive documents and database files from the computer.
After performing these malicious tasks, Adam finally runs the following command on the Linux command box before disconnecting.
for (( i = 0;i<11;i++ )); do dd if=/dev/random of=/dev/hda && dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/hda done
Which of the following actions does Adam want to perform by the above command?

In the DNS Zone transfer enumeration, an attacker attempts to retrieve a copy of the entire zone file for a domain from a DNS server. The information provided by the DNS zone can help an attacker gather user names, passwords, and other valuable information. To attempt a zone transfer, an attacker must be connected to a DNS server that is the authoritative server for that zone. Besides this, an attacker can launch a Denial of Service attack against the zone's DNS servers by flooding them with a lot of requests. Which of the following tools can an attacker use to perform a DNS zone transfer?
Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply.

Which of the following describes network traffic that originates from the inside of a network perimeter and progresses towards the outside?