You are implementing the infrastructure for a web service on Google Cloud. The web service needs to receive and store the data from 500,000 requests per second. The data will be queried later in real time, based on exact matches of a known set of attributes. There will be periods where the web service will not receive any requests. The business wants to keep costs low.
Which web service platform and database should you use for the application?

Case Study: 6 - TerramEarth
Company Overview
TerramEarth manufactures heavy equipment for the mining and agricultural industries. About
80% of their business is from mining and 20% from agriculture. They currently have over 500 dealers and service centers in 100 countries. Their mission is to build products that make their customers more productive.
Solution Concept
There are 20 million TerramEarth vehicles in operation that collect 120 fields of data per second.
Data is stored locally on the vehicle and can be accessed for analysis when a vehicle is serviced.
The data is downloaded via a maintenance port. This same port can be used to adjust operational parameters, allowing the vehicles to be upgraded in the field with new computing modules.
Approximately 200,000 vehicles are connected to a cellular network, allowing TerramEarth to collect data directly. At a rate of 120 fields of data per second with 22 hours of operation per day, TerramEarth collects a total of about 9 TB/day from these connected vehicles.
Existing Technical Environment
TerramEarth's existing architecture is composed of Linux and Windows-based systems that reside in a single U.S. west coast based data center. These systems gzip CSV files from the field and upload via FTP, and place the data in their data warehouse. Because this process takes time, aggregated reports are based on data that is 3 weeks old.
With this data, TerramEarth has been able to preemptively stock replacement parts and reduce unplanned downtime of their vehicles by 60%. However, because the data is stale, some customers are without their vehicles for up to 4 weeks while they wait for replacement parts.
Business Requirements
- Decrease unplanned vehicle downtime to less than 1 week.
- Support the dealer network with more data on how their customers use their equipment to better
position new products and services
- Have the ability to partner with different companies - especially with seed and fertilizer suppliers
in the fast-growing agricultural business - to create compelling joint offerings for their customers.
Technical Requirements
- Expand beyond a single datacenter to decrease latency to the American Midwest and east
coast.
- Create a backup strategy.
- Increase security of data transfer from equipment to the datacenter.
- Improve data in the data warehouse.
- Use customer and equipment data to anticipate customer needs.
Application 1: Data ingest
A custom Python application reads uploaded datafiles from a single server, writes to the data warehouse.
Compute:
- Windows Server 2008 R2
- 16 CPUs
- 128 GB of RAM
- 10 TB local HDD storage
Application 2: Reporting
An off the shelf application that business analysts use to run a daily report to see what equipment needs repair. Only 2 analysts of a team of 10 (5 west coast, 5 east coast) can connect to the reporting application at a time.
Compute:
- Off the shelf application. License tied to number of physical CPUs
- Windows Server 2008 R2
- 16 CPUs
- 32 GB of RAM
- 500 GB HDD
Data warehouse:
- A single PostgreSQL server
- RedHat Linux
- 64 CPUs
- 128 GB of RAM
- 4x 6TB HDD in RAID 0
Executive Statement
Our competitive advantage has always been in the manufacturing process, with our ability to build better vehicles for lower cost than our competitors. However, new products with different approaches are constantly being developed, and I'm concerned that we lack the skills to undergo the next wave of transformations in our industry. My goals are to build our skills while addressing immediate market needs through incremental innovations.
To be compliant with European GDPR regulation, TerramEarth is required to delete data generated from its European customers after a period of 36 months when it contains personal data. In the new architecture, this data will be stored in both Cloud Storage and BigQuery. What should you do?

Case Study: 5 - Dress4win
Company Overview
Dress4win is a web-based company that helps their users organize and manage their personal wardrobe using a website and mobile application. The company also cultivates an active social network that connects their users with designers and retailers. They monetize their services through advertising, e-commerce, referrals, and a freemium app model. The application has grown from a few servers in the founder's garage to several hundred servers and appliances in a collocated data center. However, the capacity of their infrastructure is now insufficient for the application's rapid growth. Because of this growth and the company's desire to innovate faster.
Dress4Win is committing to a full migration to a public cloud.
Solution Concept
For the first phase of their migration to the cloud, Dress4win is moving their development and test environments. They are also building a disaster recovery site, because their current infrastructure is at a single location. They are not sure which components of their architecture they can migrate as is and which components they need to change before migrating them.
Existing Technical Environment
The Dress4win application is served out of a single data center location. All servers run Ubuntu LTS v16.04.
Databases:
- MySQL. 1 server for user data, inventory, static data:
- MySQL 5.8
- 8 core CPUs
- 128 GB of RAM
- 2x 5 TB HDD (RAID 1)
- Redis 3 server cluster for metadata, social graph, caching. Each server is:
- Redis 3.2
- 4 core CPUs
- 32GB of RAM
Compute:
- 40 Web Application servers providing micro-services based APIs and static content.
- Tomcat - Java
- Nginx
- 4 core CPUs
- 32 GB of RAM
- 20 Apache Hadoop/Spark servers:
- Data analysis
- Real-time trending calculations
- 8 core CPUS
- 128 GB of RAM
- 4x 5 TB HDD (RAID 1)
- 3 RabbitMQ servers for messaging, social notifications, and events:
- 8 core CPUs
- 32GB of RAM
- Miscellaneous servers:
- Jenkins, monitoring, bastion hosts, security scanners
- 8 core CPUs
- 32GB of RAM
Storage appliances:
- iSCSI for VM hosts
- Fiber channel SAN - MySQL databases
- 1 PB total storage; 400 TB available
- NAS - image storage, logs, backups
- 100 TB total storage; 35 TB available
Business Requirements
- Build a reliable and reproducible environment with scaled parity of production.
- Improve security by defining and adhering to a set of security and Identity and Access
Management (IAM) best practices for cloud.
- Improve business agility and speed of innovation through rapid provisioning of new resources.
- Analyze and optimize architecture for performance in the cloud.
Technical Requirements
- Easily create non-production environment in the cloud.
- Implement an automation framework for provisioning resources in cloud.
- Implement a continuous deployment process for deploying applications to the on-premises
datacenter or cloud.
- Support failover of the production environment to cloud during an emergency.
- Encrypt data on the wire and at rest.
- Support multiple private connections between the production data center and cloud
environment.
Executive Statement
Our investors are concerned about our ability to scale and contain costs with our current infrastructure. They are also concerned that a competitor could use a public cloud platform to offset their up-front investment and free them to focus on developing better features. Our traffic patterns are highest in the mornings and weekend evenings; during other times, 80% of our capacity is sitting idle.
Our capital expenditure is now exceeding our quarterly projections. Migrating to the cloud will likely cause an initial increase in spending, but we expect to fully transition before our next hardware refresh cycle. Our total cost of ownership (TCO) analysis over the next 5 years for a public cloud strategy achieves a cost reduction between 30% and 50% over our current model.
For this question, refer to the Dress4Win case study. Considering the given business requirements, how would you automate the deployment of web and transactional data layers?

You want to automate the creation of a managed instance group. The VMs have many OS package dependencies. You want to minimize the startup time for new VMs in the instance group.
What should you do?

Case Study: 13 - KnightMotives Automotive
Company Overview
KnightMotives is a car manufacturer specializing in autonomous, self-driving vehicles, including Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs), hybrids and traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. While KnightMotives has made strides with the in-vehicle experience in their BEV fleet, the hybrid and ICE vehicles have yet to implement these new systems and are viewed poorly by critics and drivers. The lack of modern in-vehicle technology in hybrid and ICE vehicles has resulted in declining sales and customer satisfaction.
KnightMotives wants to modernize the consumer experience across all vehicles within five years Artificial Intelligence offers a unique opportunity to revolutionize the in-vehicle experience, as well as the shopping buying and service/maintenance experience. Investment in this new technology will require a shift in financial priorities on a global scale.
KnightMotives also wants to improve their online ordering system, which is unreliable. Systems for customers to build their vehicle online for acquisition through a dealer are not delivering the data or reliability that dealers need, causing. A strain in the relationship between KnightMotives and dealers. Service technicians and sales staff need better tooling to enhance dealer successes, including built-to-order vehicles.
Solution Concept
KnightMotives wants to shift from manufacturing cars to creating a complete and compelling
"automotive experience." Then strategy prioritizes delivering a consistent experience across all models, developing AI-powered features, generating new revenue from data monetization, adopting a digital focus to differentiate their brand from competitors, and developing better tools for mechanics and salespeople.
Existing Technical Environment
KnightMotives's IT is largely on-premises with some applications on major cloud platforms. Their supply chain runs on an outdated mainframe, and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is also outdated, making new promotions and dealer discounts difficult to implement. Dealers have no budget for new equipment. There is fragmentation across vehicles with multiple code bases, and significant technical debt from supporting backwards compatibility. Network connectivity to manufacturing plants and vehicle connectivity in rural areas are challenges.
Business Requirements
Key business requirements include fostering a personalized relationship with the driver and delivering a cohesive experience across all models. Creating a better build-to-order model will reduce time on the lot and provide transparency for both dealers and customers. Additionally, KnightMotives seeks to monetize corporate data to finance new technology investments, as their current AI infrastructure is obsolete and corporate data remains siloed. Security is a paramount concern due to past data breaches Adherence to European Union (EU) data protection regulations, especially for emerging autonomous platforms, is critical.
KnightMotives plans to make significant investments in fully autonomous driving capabilities, with initial implementation targeting regions with favorable regulatory environments. Prioritizing employee upskilling, attracting top-tier talent, and fostering better communication between business and technical teams are also critical objectives.
Technical Requirements
- Modernizing the in-vehicle experience includes developing a consistent user experience (UX)
that seamlessly integrates AI-powered features across all models, updating in-vehicle hardware and software in legacy models to support new UX features and AI capabilities, and ensuring reliable network connectivity, especially in rural areas, to support real-time AI features and data transmission.
- Network upgrades are necessary to support increased data traffic and improve connectivity
between plants and headquarters.
- IT infrastructure modernization requires adopting a hybrid cloud strategy to leverage the
benefits of both on-premises and cloud infrastructure, and gradually modernizing or replacing legacy systems to improve efficiency and agility.
- Autonomous vehicle development and testing requires investing in cutting-edge AI and machine
learning technologies, building a robust simulation environment, and ensuring compliance with evolving regulations related to autonomous vehicles.
- Data monetization and insights requires implementing a robust data management platform,
strict data security and privacy measures, and a scalable AI/ML infrastructure.
- Increased focus on security and risk management involves implementing a comprehensive
security framework to protect against cyber threats and data breaches, developing an incident response plan, and providing security awareness training to employees.
- Providing a delightful experience for dealers and customers requires improving the online build-
to-order system; developing modern dealer tools to streamline dealer operations, including sales, service, and inventory management; and implementing a comprehensive Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system to track customer interactions personalize experiences, and improve customer satisfaction.
Executive Statement
KnightMotives is committed to enhancing safety and saving lives by leveraging an extensive body of data - encompassing driving, road conditions, behavioral studies, and crash safety statistics - to create compelling digital experiences for drivers. Our AI consistently outperforms national safety statistics, ensuring the unique and coveted KnightMotives experience is aligned across all our vehicle models.
Michael Knight, KnightMotives CEO
For this question, refer to the KnightMotives Automotive case study. KnightMotives has established a dedicated Google Cloud Interconnect with 99.99% availability between its headquarters and two different metropolitan areas corresponding to the us-central1 and us-east1 Google Cloud regions. To minimize cost and latency between these workloads, you want to ensure all workloads in Google Cloud are deployed in these two regions as the VLAN attachment for the Cloud Interconnect. What should you do?