All income statement account balances are closed either to a summary account such as income summary or revenue and expense summary) or to retained earnings. The normal balance of an expense account is a debit. Thus, an expense account is credited in a closing entry.

The three types of control totals are record counts, financial totals, and hash totals Record counts establish the number of source documents and reconcile it to the number of output records. Financial totals compute dollar totals from source documents e.g.. the total dollar amount of invoices processes) and reconcile them with the output records. Hash totals add numbers on input documents that are not normally added e.g., department numbers), resulting in a total that is "meaningless" for any purpose other than this control.
Batchelder Company has the following invoices in a batch:

Under the cost method, treasury shares are carried at cost. In this case, cost is US $27,0001,000 shares x $27). The journal entry to record a sale at US $33 per share is: