Production flow through a constraint is managed using the drum-buffer-rope (DBR) system. The drum (i.e., the beat to which a production process marches) is the bottleneck operation. The constraint sets the pace for the entire process. The buffer is a minimal amount of work-in-process input to the drum that is maintained to ensure that it is always in operation. The rope is the sequence of activities preceding and including the bottleneck operation that must be coordinated to avoid inventory buildup.

Conducting an electronic meeting among several parties at remote sites is teleconferencing. It can be accomplished by telephone or electronic mail group communication software. Videoconferencing permits the conferees to see each other on video screens. The practice has grown in recent years as companies have attempted to cut their travel costs.

One hundred customers arrive in line per hour and only 60 are serviced per hour. Accordingly, the queue will expand to infinity during peak periods.