People, skills and competencies are essential for effective decision making within a governance system.
People are the individuals or groups who perform or are accountable for the governance activities and tasks.
Skills and competencies are the abilities and knowledge that people need to perform their roles and responsibilities. People, skills and competencies are one of the seven enablers of a governance system, as defined by COBIT.13 References: COBIT 2019 Framework: Introduction and Methodology, COBIT 2019 Framework: Governance System

The governance system design workflow is a workflow that describes how an enterprise can design and implement a governance system using COBIT 2019. The governance system design workflow consists of six steps: determine initial scope; identify relevant design factors; prioritize governance and management objectives; define target capability levels; identify gaps; finalize scope. The governance system design workflow allows for consideration of all design factors in order to develop a customized governance system.
The design factors are the characteristics or conditions that influence how an enterprise designs and implements its governance system using COBIT 2019. The design factors include aspects such as enterprise strategy archetype; enterprise goals; IT-related goals; risk profile; IT deployment; threat landscape; compliance requirement; operating environment; size of enterprise; culture; stakeholders; etc. By considering all design factors in the governance system design workflow, an enterprise can ensure that its governance system is appropriate for its context and needs, that it delivers value and benefits to the enterprise and its stakeholders, that it aligns with the relevant standards, guidelines, regulations, best practices, etc., that it meets stakeholder requirements and expectations, etc.
References: : COBIT 2019 Design Guide: page 33-48

The business case outline is a document that provides a high-level overview of the rationale, objectives, scope, approach, benefits, costs, risks, and timeline of the EGIT implementation program. The EGIT implementation program is a program that involves designing and implementing a governance system for an enterprise using COBIT 2019. The business case outline provides the basis for obtaining approval in principle from the stakeholders for initiating the EGIT implementation program. The business case outline is a key input to be considered when defining drivers for a COBIT implementation. The drivers are the internal and external factors that trigger or influence the need for designing and implementing a governance system for an enterprise using COBIT 2019. The drivers include aspects such as business strategy objectives performance risks issues opportunities etc., information and technology strategy objectives performance risks issues opportunities etc., stakeholder needs expectations requirements etc., standards guidelines regulations best practices etc., market conditions competitive pressures customer demands etc., etc. By considering the business case outline when defining drivers for a COBIT implementation an enterprise can ensure that it has a clear understanding of why it needs to design and implement a governance system using COBIT 2019 what are the expected outcomes benefits value etc.,

The level achieved when all processes of a focus area achieve a particular capability level is referred to as the maturity level. A focus area is a topic or issue that can be addressed by governance objectives, such as digital transformation, cybersecurity, privacy, etc. A focus area consists of a set of processes that are relevant and applicable for the topic or issue. A capability level is a measure of how well a process or activity is performed in terms of effectiveness, efficiency, completeness, reliability, etc. A capability level can range from 0 (incomplete) to 5 (optimizing). A maturity level is the level achieved when all processes of a focus area achieve a particular capability level. A maturity level can range from 0 (non-existent) to 5 (optimized).12 References: COBIT 2019 Framework: Introduction and Methodology, COBIT 2019 Framework: Governance System

The primary purpose of reexamining the IT strategic plan after IT governance has been operating for three years and is satisfactorily achieving desired outcomes is to assess improvement opportunities. The IT strategic plan is a document that defines the vision, mission, goals, objectives, strategies, and tactics for IT governance and management, as well as the alignment with the enterprise's business strategy. By reexamining the plan periodically, the enterprise can identify any changes in the internal or external environment that may affect IT governance, as well as any areas for enhancement or optimization. The purpose is based on the COBIT 2019 Implementation Guide3, page 26. References: 3: COBIT 2019 Implementation Guide | Digital | English