Section: Volume B
Explanation:
As quantitative analysis is data driven, it:
* Allows data classification and counting.
* Allows statistical models to be constructed, which help in explaining what is being observed.
* Generalizes findings for a larger population and direct comparisons between two different sets of data or observations.
* Produces statistically reliable results.
* Allows discovery of phenomena which are likely to be genuine and merely occurs by chance.
Incorrect Answers:
A: Risk factors are expressed in terms of high/medium/low in qualitative analysis, and not in quantitative analysis.

Section: Volume D

Section: Volume B
Explanation:
Website defacing is an attack on a website by unauthorized party that changes the visual appearance of the site or a webpage. These are typically the work of system crackers, who break into a web server and replace the hosted website with one of their own.
Incorrect Answers:
A: Ping Flooding is the extreme of sending thousands or millions of pings per second. Ping Flooding attack can make system slow or even shut down an entire site.
C: A denial-of-service attack (DoS attack) is an attempt to make a computer or network resource unavailable to its intended users. One common method of attack involves saturating the target machine with external communications requests, such that it cannot respond to legitimate traffic, or responds so slowly as to be rendered effectively unavailable.
D: The FTP bounce attack is attack which slips past application-based firewalls. In this hacker uploads a file to the FTP server and then requests this file be sent to an internal server. This file may contain malicious software or a simple script that occupies the internal server and uses up all the memory and CPU resources.

Section: Volume C
Explanation:
Risk mitigation implies a reduction in the probability and/or impact of an adverse risk event to be within acceptable threshold limits. Taking early actions to reduce the probability and/or impact of a risk occurring on the project is often more effective than trying to repair the damage after the risk has occurred.
Incorrect Answers:
B: Avoidance changes the project plan to avoid the risk altogether.
C: Transference requires shifting some or all of the negative impacts of a threat, along with the ownership of the response, to a third party. Transferring the risk simply gives another party the responsibility for its management-it does not eliminate it.
Transferring the liability for a risk is most effective in dealing with financial risk exposure. Risk transference nearly always involves payment of a risk premium to the party taking on the risk.
D: Enhancing is actually a positive risk response. This strategy is used to increase the probability and/or the positive impact of an opportunity. Identifying and maximizing the key drivers of these positive-impact risks may increase the probability of their occurrence.