The security officer would be the best person to oversea the development of such
policies.
Security officers and their teams have typically been charged with the responsibility of creating the
security policies. The policies must be written and communicated appropriately to ensure that they
can be understood by the end users. Policies that are poorly written, or written at too high of an
education level (common industry practice is to focus the content for general users at the sixth- to
eighth-grade reading level), will not be understood.
Implementing security policies and the items that support them shows due care by the company
and its management staff. Informing employees of what is expected of them and the
consequences of noncompliance can come down to a liability issue.
While security officers may be responsible for the development of the security policies, the effort
should be collaborative to ensure that the business issues are addressed.
The security officers will get better corporate support by including other areas in policy
development. This helps build buy-in by these areas as they take on a greater ownership of the
final product. Consider including areas such as HR, legal, compliance, various IT areas and
specific business area representatives who represent critical business units.
When policies are developed solely within the IT department and then distributed without business
input, they are likely to miss important business considerations. Once policy documents have been
created, the basis for ensuring compliance is established. Depending on the organization,
additional documentation may be necessary to support policy. This support may come in the form
of additional controls described in standards, baselines, or procedures to help personnel with
compliance. An important step after documentation is to make the most current version of the
documents readily accessible to those who are expected to follow them. Many organizations place
the documents on their intranets or in shared file folders to facilitate their accessibility. Such
placement of these documents plus checklists, forms, and sample documents can make
awareness more effective.
For your exam you should know the information below:
End User - The end user is responsible for protecting information assets on a daily basis through
adherence to the security policies that have been communicated.
Executive Management/Senior Management - Executive management maintains the overall responsibility for protection of the information assets. The business operations are dependent upon information being available, accurate, and protected from individuals without a need to know.
Security Officer - The security officer directs, coordinates, plans, and organizes information security activities throughout the organization. The security officer works with many different individuals, such as executive management, management of the business units, technical staff, business partners, auditors, and third parties such as vendors. The security officer and his or her team are responsible for the design, implementation, management, and review of the organization's security policies, standards, procedures, baselines, and guidelines.
Information Systems Security Professional- Drafting of security policies, standards and supporting guidelines, procedures, and baselines is coordinated through these individuals. Guidance is provided for technical security issues, and emerging threats are considered for the adoption of new policies. Activities such as interpretation of government regulations and industry trends and analysis of vendor solutions to include in the security architecture that advances the security of the organization are performed in this role.
Data/Information/Business/System Owners - A business executive or manager is typically responsible for an information asset. These are the individuals that assign the appropriate classification to information assets. They ensure that the business information is protected with appropriate controls. Periodically, the information asset owners need to review the classification and access rights associated with information assets. The owners, or their delegates, may be required to approve access to the information. Owners also need to determine the criticality, sensitivity, retention, backups, and safeguards for the information. Owners or their delegates are responsible for understanding the risks that exist with regards to the information that they control. Data/Information Custodian/Steward - A data custodian is an individual or function that takes care of the information on behalf of the owner. These individuals ensure that the information is available to the end users and is backed up to enable recovery in the event of data loss or corruption. Information may be stored in files, databases, or systems whose technical infrastructure must be managed, by systems administrators. This group administers access rights to the information assets.
Information Systems Auditor- IT auditors determine whether users, owners, custodians, systems, and networks are in compliance with the security policies, procedures, standards, baselines, designs, architectures, management direction, and other requirements placed on systems. The auditors provide independent assurance to the management on the appropriateness of the security controls. The auditor examines the information systems and determines whether they are designed, configured, implemented, operated, and managed in a way ensuring that the organizational objectives are being achieved. The auditors provide top company management with an independent view of the controls and their effectiveness.
Business Continuity Planner - Business continuity planners develop contingency plans to prepare for any occurrence that could have the ability to impact the company's objectives negatively. Threats may include earthquakes, tornadoes, hurricanes, blackouts, changes in the economic/political climate, terrorist activities, fire, or other major actions potentially causing significant harm. The business continuity planner ensures that business processes can continue through the disaster and coordinates those activities with the business areas and information technology personnel responsible for disaster recovery.
Information Systems/ Technology Professionals- These personnel are responsible for designing security controls into information systems, testing the controls, and implementing the systems in production environments through agreed upon operating policies and procedures. The information systems professionals work with the business owners and the security professionals to ensure that the designed solution provides security controls commensurate with the acceptable criticality, sensitivity, and availability requirements of the application.
Security Administrator - A security administrator manages the user access request process and ensures that privileges are provided to those individuals who have been authorized for access by application/system/data owners. This individual has elevated privileges and creates and deletes accounts and access permissions. The security administrator also terminates access privileges when individuals leave their jobs or transfer between company divisions. The security administrator maintains records of access request approvals and produces reports of access rights for the auditor during testing in an access controls audit to demonstrate compliance with the policies.
Network/Systems Administrator - A systems administrator (sysadmin/netadmin) configures network and server hardware and the operating systems to ensure that the information can be available and accessible. The administrator maintains the computing infrastructure using tools and utilities such as patch management and software distribution mechanisms to install updates and test patches on organization computers. The administrator tests and implements system upgrades to ensure the continued reliability of the servers and network devices. The administrator provides vulnerability management through either commercial off the shelf (COTS) and/or non-COTS solutions to test the computing environment and mitigate vulnerabilities appropriately.
Physical Security - The individuals assigned to the physical security role establish relationships with external law enforcement, such as the local police agencies, state police, or the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to assist in investigations. Physical security personnel manage the installation, maintenance, and ongoing operation of the closed circuit television (CCTV) surveillance systems, burglar alarm systems, and card reader access control systems. Guards are placed where necessary as a deterrent to unauthorized access and to provide safety for the company employees. Physical security personnel interface with systems security, human resources, facilities, and legal and business areas to ensure that the practices are integrated.
Security Analyst - The security analyst role works at a higher, more strategic level than the previously described roles and helps develop policies, standards, and guidelines, as well as set various baselines. Whereas the previous roles are "in the weeds" and focus on pieces and parts of the security program, a security analyst helps define the security program elements and follows through to ensure the elements are being carried out and practiced properly. This person works more at a design level than at an implementation level.
Administrative Assistants/Secretaries - This role can be very important to information security; in many companies of smaller size, this may be the individual who greets visitors, signs packages in and out, recognizes individuals who desire to enter the offices, and serves as the phone screener for executives. These individuals may be subject to social engineering attacks, whereby the potential intruder attempts to solicit confidential information that may be used for a subsequent attack. Social engineers prey on the goodwill of the helpful individual to gain entry. A properly trained assistant will minimize the risk of divulging useful company information or of providing unauthorized entry.
Help Desk Administrator - As the name implies, the help desk is there to field questions from users that report system problems. Problems may include poor response time, potential virus infections, unauthorized access, inability to access system resources, or questions on the use of a program. The help desk is also often where the first indications of security issues and incidents will be seen. A help desk individual would contact the computer security incident response team (CIRT) when a situation meets the criteria developed by the team. The help desk resets passwords, resynchronizes/reinitializes tokens and smart cards, and resolves other problems with access control.
Supervisor - The supervisor role, also called user manager, is ultimately responsible for all user activity and any assets created and owned by these users. For example, suppose Kathy is the supervisor of ten employees. Her responsibilities would include ensuring that these employees understand their responsibilities with respect to security; making sure the employees' account information is up-to-date; and informing the security administrator when an employee is fired, suspended, or transferred. Any change that pertains to an employee's role within the company usually affects what access rights they should and should not have, so the user manager must inform the security administrator of these changes immediately.
Change Control Analyst Since the only thing that is constant is change, someone must make sure changes happen securely. The change control analyst is responsible for approving or rejecting requests to make changes to the network, systems, or software. This role must make certain that
the change will not introduce any vulnerabilities, that it has been properly tested, and that it is
properly rolled out. The change control analyst needs to understand how various changes can
affect security, interoperability, performance, and productivity. Or, a company can choose to just
roll out the change and see what happens.
The following answers are incorrect:
Systems Administrator - A systems administrator (sysadmin/netadmin) configures network and
server hardware and the operating systems to ensure that the information can be available and
accessible. The administrator maintains the computing infrastructure using tools and utilities such
as patch management and software distribution mechanisms to install updates and test patches
on organization computers. The administrator tests and implements system upgrades to ensure
the continued reliability of the servers and network devices. The administrator provides
vulnerability management through either commercial off the shelf (COTS) and/or non-COTS
solutions to test the computing environment and mitigate vulnerabilities appropriately.
End User - The end user is responsible for protecting information assets on a daily basis through
adherence to the security policies that have been communicated.
Security Administrator - A security administrator manages the user access request process and
ensures that privileges are provided to those individuals who have been authorized for access by
application/system/data owners. This individual has elevated privileges and creates and deletes
accounts and access permissions. The security administrator also terminates access privileges
when individuals leave their jobs or transfer between company divisions. The security
administrator maintains records of access request approvals and produces reports of access
rights for the auditor during testing in an access controls audit to demonstrate compliance with the
policies.
Following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:
CISA review manual 2014 Page number 109
Harris, Shon (2012-10-18). CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, 6th Edition (p. 108). McGraw-Hill.
Kindle Edition.

Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
There is no Add command within the Structure Query Language (SQL). Instead the Insert command is used to add new data to the database.
There is also no Relist command within SQL.
Incorrect Answers:
A: Select and Update are Data Manipulation Language (DML) commands. The Select statement is used to select data from a database while the Update statement is used to update existing records in a table.
B: Grant and Revoke are Data Control Language (DCL) commands are used to enforce database security.
The Grant statement is used to provide access or privileges on the database objects while the Revoke statement is used to remove those privileges.
C: Delete and Insert are Data Manipulation Language (DML) commands. The Delete statement is used to remove data from a database while the Insert statement is used to add data to a table.
References:
https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff848799.aspx
https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff848766.aspx
http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~mitra/csFall2012/cs329/lectures/sql.html
http://www.w3schools.com/SQl/sql_select.asp
http://www.w3schools.com/SQl/sql_update.asp
http://beginner-sql-tutorial.com/sql-grant-revoke-privileges-roles.htm

A polymorphic virus has the capability of changing its own code, enabling it to have many different variants, making it harder to detect by anti-virus software. The particularity of a stealth virus is that it tries to hide its presence after infecting a system. A Trojan horse is a set of unauthorized instructions that are added to or replacing a legitimate program. A logic bomb is a set of instructions that is initiated when a specific event occurs. Source: HARRIS, Shon, All-In-One CISSP Certification Exam Guide, McGraw-Hill/Osborne, 2002, chapter 11: Application and System Development (page 786).

The Common Criteria (CC) is used in two ways: As a standardized way to describe security requirements for IT products and systems As a sound technical basis for evaluating the security features of these products and systems The CC defines three useful constructs for building IT security requirements: the Protection Profile (PP), the Security Target (ST), and the PackagE. The PP is an implementation-independent statement of security needs for a set of IT security products. The PP contains a set of security requirements and is intended to be a reusable definition of product security requirements that are known to be useful and effectivE. APP gives consumers a means of referring to a specific set of security needs and communicating them to manufacturers and helps future product evaluation against those needs. Answer a defines the Security Target (ST). The ST is a statement of security claims for a particular IT security product or system. The ST parallels the structure of the PP, though it has additional elements that include product-specific detailed information. An ST is the basis for agreement among all parties as to what security the product or system offers, and therefore the basis for its security evaluation. *Answer "An intermediate combination of security requirement components" describes the PackagE. The Package is an intermediate combination of security requirements components. The package permits the expression of a set of either functional or assurance requirements that meet some particular need, expressed as a set of security objectives. *Answer "The IT product or system to be evaluated" describes the Target of Evaluation (TOE). The TOE is an IT product or system to be evaluated, the security characteristics of which are described in specific terms by a corresponding ST, or in more general terms by a PP. This evaluation consists of rigorous analysis and testing performed by an accredited, independent laboratory. The scope of a TOE evaluation is set by the Evaluation Assurance Level (EAL) and other requirements specified in the ST. Part of this process is an evaluation of the ST itself, to ensure that it is correct, complete, and internally consistent and can be used as the baseline for the TOE evaluation. Source: Common Criteria Project.