Logical or technical controls involve the restriction of access to systems and the protection of information. Smart cards and encryption are examples of these types of control.
Controls are put into place to reduce the risk an organization faces, and they come in three main flavors: administrative, technical, and physical. Administrative controls are commonly referred to as "soft controls" because they are more management-oriented. Examples of administrative controls are security documentation, risk management, personnel security, and training. Technical controls (also called logical controls) are software or hardware components, as in firewalls, IDS, encryption, identification and authentication mechanisms. And physical controls are items put into place to protect facility, personnel, and resources. Examples of physical controls are security guards, locks, fencing, and lighting.
Many types of technical controls enable a user to access a system and the resources within that system. A technical control may be a username and password combination, a Kerberos implementation, biometrics, public key infrastructure (PKI), RADIUS, TACACS +, or authentication using a smart card through a reader connected to a system. These technologies verify the user is who he says he is by using different types of authentication methods. Once a user is properly authenticated, he can be authorized and allowed access to network resources.
Reference(s) used for this question: Harris, Shon (2012-10-25). CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, 6th Edition (p. 245). McGraw-Hill. Kindle Edition. and KRUTZ, Ronald L. & VINES, Russel D., The CISSP Prep Guide: Mastering the Ten Domains of Computer Security, John Wiley & Sons, 2001, Chapter 2: Access control systems (page 32).

Section: Network and Telecommunications
Explanation/Reference:
HTTPS is used for secure web transactions and is not commonly replaced by SSH.
Users often want to log on to a remote computer. Unfortunately, most early implementations to meet that need were designed for a trusted network. Protocols/programs, such as TELNET, RSH, and rlogin, transmit unencrypted over the network, which allows traffic to be easily intercepted. Secure shell (SSH) was designed as an alternative to the above insecure protocols and allows users to securely access resources on remote computers over an encrypted tunnel. SSH's services include remote log-on, file transfer, and command execution. It also supports port forwarding, which redirects other protocols through an encrypted SSH tunnel.
Many users protect less secure traffic of protocols, such as X Windows and VNC (virtual network computing), by forwarding them through a SSH tunnel. The SSH tunnel protects the integrity of communication, preventing session hijacking and other man-in-the-middle attacks. Another advantage of SSH over its predecessors is that it supports strong authentication. There are several alternatives for SSH clients to authenticate to a SSH server, including passwords and digital certificates. Keep in mind that authenticating with a password is still a significant improvement over the other protocols because the password is transmitted encrypted.
The following were wrong answers:
telnet is an incorrect choice. SSH is commonly used as an more secure alternative to telnet. In fact Telnet should not longer be used today.
rlogin is and incorrect choice. SSH is commonly used as a more secure alternative to rlogin.
RSH is an incorrect choice. SSH is commonly used as a more secure alternative to RSH.
Reference(s) used for this question:
Hernandez CISSP, Steven (2012-12-21). Official (ISC)2 Guide to the CISSP CBK, Third Edition ((ISC)2 Press) (Kindle Locations 7077-7088). Auerbach Publications. Kindle Edition.

Explanation/Reference:
It was David Bell and Leonard LaPadula who, in 1973, first described the DoD multilevel military security policy in abstract, formal terms. The Bell-LaPadula is a Mandatory Access Control (MAC) model concerned with confidentiality. Rivest, Shamir and Adleman (RSA) developed the RSA encryption algorithm. Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman published the Diffie-Hellman key agreement algorithm in 1976. David Clark and David Wilson developed the Clark-Wilson integrity model, more appropriate for security in commercial activities.
Source: RUSSEL, Deborah & GANGEMI, G.T. Sr., Computer Security Basics, O'Reilly, July 1992 (pages
78,109).

RFC 2828 (Internet Security Glossary) defines a digital signature as a value computed with a cryptographic algorithm and appended to a data object in such a way that any recipient of the data can use the signature to verify the data's origin and integrity.
The steps to create a Digital Signature are very simple:
1.You create a Message Digest of the message you wish to send
2.You encrypt the message digest using your Private Key which is the action of Signing
3.You send the Message along with the Digital Signature to the recipient
To validate the Digital Signature the recipient will make use of the sender Public Key. Here are the steps:
1.The receiver will decrypt the Digital Signature using the sender Publick Key producing a clear text message digest.
2.The receiver will produce his own message digest of the message received.
3.At this point the receiver will compare the two message digest (the one sent and the one produce by the receiver), if the two matches, it proves the authenticity of the message and it confirms that the message was not modified in transit validating the integrity as well. Digital Signatures provides for Authenticity and Integrity only. There is no confidentiality in place, if you wish to get confidentiality it would be needed for the sender to encrypt everything with the receiver public key as a last step before sending the message.
A Digital Envelope is a combination of encrypted data and its encryption key in an encrypted form that has been prepared for use of the recipient. In simple term it is a type of security that uses two layers of encryption to protect a message. First, the message itself is encoded using symmetric encryption, and then the key to decode the message is encrypted using public-key encryption. This technique overcomes one of the problems of public-key encryption, which is that it is slower than symmetric encryption. Because only the key is protected with public-key encryption, there is very little overhead. A cryptographic hash is the result of a cryptographic hash function such as MD5, SHA-1, or SHA-2. A hash value also called a Message Digest is like a fingerprint of a message. It is used to proves integrity and ensure the message was not changed either in transit or in storage.
A Message Authentication Code (MAC) refers to an ANSI standard for a checksum that is computed with a keyed hash that is based on DES or it can also be produced without using DES by concataning the Secret Key at the end of the message (simply adding it at the end of the message) being sent and then producing a Message digest of the Message+Secret Key together. The MAC is then attached and sent along with the message but the Secret Key is NEVER sent in clear text over the network.
In cryptography, HMAC (Hash-based Message Authentication Code), is a specific construction for calculating a message authentication code (MAC) involving a cryptographic hash function in combination with a secret key. As with any MAC, it may be used to simultaneously verify both the data integrity and the authenticity of a message. Any cryptographic hash function, such as MD5 or SHA-1, may be used in the calculation of an HMAC; the resulting MAC algorithm is termed HMAC-MD5 or HMAC-SHA1 accordingly. The cryptographic strength of the HMAC depends upon the cryptographic strength of the underlying hash function, the size of its hash output length in bits and on the size and quality of the cryptographic key.
There is more than one type of MAC: Meet CBC-MAC In cryptography, a Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code, abbreviated CBCMAC, is a technique for constructing a message authentication code from a block cipher.
The message is encrypted with some block cipher algorithm in CBC mode to create a chain of blocks such that each block depends on the proper encryption of the previous block. This interdependence ensures that a change to any of the plaintext bits will cause the final encrypted block to change in a way that cannot be predicted or counteracted without knowing the key to the block cipher.
References:
SHIREY, Robert W., RFC2828: Internet Security Glossary, may 2000. and http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/digital_envelope.html and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBC-MAC

The Disaster Recovery Manager should also be a member of the team that assisted in the development of the Disaster Recovery Plan. Senior-level management need to support the process but would not be involved with the initial process.
The following answers are incorrect:
Chief Information Officer. Is incorrect because the Senior-level management are the ones to authorize the recovery plan and process but during the initial recovery process they will most likely be heavily involved in other matters.
Chief Operating Officer. Is incorrect because the Senior-level management are the ones to authorize the recovery plan and process but during the initial recovery process they will most likely be heavily involved in other matters.
Chief Executive Officer. Is incorrect because the Senior-level management are the ones to authorize the recovery plan and process but during the initial recovery process they will most likely be heavily involved in other matters.