Reference:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dynamics365/supply-chain/production-control/bill-of-material-bom

Explanation
Box 1: Nonconformance
Nonconformance
A nonconformance describes an item that has a quality problem. The nonconformance process lets you create a nonconformance order that describes a quantity of nonconforming material, the problem source, the problem type, and explanatory notes. You can define a classification of problem types to make analysis of nonconforming material easier. You can also print a nonconformance tag and a nonconformance report to guide the disposition of nonconforming material.
Box 2: Nonconformance tag
Reference:
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dynamics365/supply-chain/inventory/quality-management-processes

Explanation
Apparel items will not be upgraded to the new costing method until after the go-live date due to resourcing and implementation limitations from the apparel team.
The inventory close process settles issue transactions to receipt transactions, based on the inventory valuation method that is selected in the item's item model group. As part of the settlement process, you can specify that the general ledger should be updated, so that it reflects the adjustments that have been made. However, until inventory close or recalculation has been run, issue transactions are posted at the calculated running average cost price.
After inventory close, you can no longer post in periods that are before the inventory closing date that you set, unless you reverse a completed inventory close process. For example, if inventory close is run for the period that ends on January 31, you can't post transactions that have a date that is earlier than January 31.
Reference: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dynamics365/supply-chain/cost-management/backflush-costing
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dynamics365/supply-chain/cost-management/bom-calculations

Explanation
Use strict or standard validation of default order quantities
You can choose how strict the system should be when validating quantities entered in the Default order settings for a product. When you use the new strict option, the Standard order quantity must always be a multiple of the specified Multiple value for purchase orders, inventory, and sales orders. If you are using strict validation, you won't be able to save default order settings that don't meet this requirement (and an error is shown in the message bar).
Reference:
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dynamics365/supply-chain/production-control/default-order-settings

Explanation

Box 1: Sub ledger
To set up standard costs, follow these steps.
Define inventory parameters that are related to standard costs.
In the Cost breakdown field, select None or Sub ledger. If you select Sub ledger, the cost breakdown is an active cost breakdown. An active cost breakdown is critical for calculating, retaining, and viewing cost group segmentation across a multilevel product structure for standard cost items.
Box 2: Per cost group
In the Variances to standard field, select Summarized or Per cost group. If you select Per cost group, you can identify purchase price variances and production variances by cost group.
Summarized, you can't identify variances by cost group, and you can't identify the four types of production variances. You can just view a summarized production variance.
Etc.
Reference:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dynamics365/supply-chain/cost-management/prerequisites-standard-costs