Section: Questions Set D
Explanation:
(A) Maintaining bed rest helps to decrease the O2 needs of the tissues, which decreases dyspnea and workload on the respiratory system. (B) The semi-Fowler or high-Fowler position is necessary to aid in lessening pressure on the diaphragm from the abdominal organs, which facilitates comfort and easier breathing patterns. (C) Cerebral hypoxia causes the client with pneumonia to be increasingly irritable and restless and results from the client not obtaining enough O2 to meet metabolic needs. (D) Proper hydration facilitates liquefaction of mucus trapped in the bronchioles and alveoli and enhances expectoration. Unless contraindicated, a reasonable amount of IV fluids to be administered is at least 2.5-3 liters in a 24-hour period.

Explanation
(A) Bradycardia of 50-70 bpm may be considered normal postpartally because the heart compensates for the decreased resistance in the pelvis. (B) The uterus is displaced from the midline by a full bladder. This condition could lead to a boggy uterus and increased risk of postpartal hemorrhage; therefore, the bladder should be kept empty. (C) Re-establishment of normal bowel function is delayed into the first postpartum week. (D) A postpartum woman's oral temperature may go as high as 100.4_F within 24 hours of delivery resulting from muscular exertion, dehydration, and hormonal changes.

Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
(A) Oxytocin is a hormone secreted by the neurohypophysis during suckling and parturition that produces strong uterine contractions. (B) Progesterone has a quiescence effect on the uterus. (C) Vasopressin is an antidiuretic hormone that promotes water reabsorption by the renal tubules. (D) Ergonovine produces dystocia as a result of sustained uterine contractions.

Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
(A) Hepatitis C and B may result in chronic liver disease. Hepatitis A has a low potential for chronic liver disease. (B) Hepatitis C and B have insidious onsets. Hepatitis A has an abrupt onset. (C) Incubation periods are as follows: hepatitis C is 2-26 weeks, hepatitis B is 6-20 weeks, and hepatitis A is 2-6 weeks.
(D) Only hepatitis B has an effective vaccine.

Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
(A) Potassium intake that meets the recommended daily allowance is important, especially in clients who have a history of cardiac disease. (B) Low levels of magnesium can cause an increase in resistance to insulin and can lead to carbohydrate intolerance. (C) Sodium is an important electrolyte for all clients but has no direct effect on diabetes mellitus. (D) Bicarbonate plays an important role in acid-base balance. It is equally necessary for maintenance of all body functions.