A property has rising damp. The surveyor identifies that previous treatment involved only internal moisture- blocking paint without chemical DPC installation. The reason this was ineffective is:

Penetrating damp often appears:

In a crawl space with poor ventilation, the surveyor notes elevated moisture levels (above 80% RH) and visible mould growth. BS 5250:2021 recommends:

Building Regulations Approved Document C requires protection against moisture from:

To diagnose condensation, the surveyor should assess: